近51年西安地温变化特征
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陕西省气象局研究型业务重点科研项目:基于多层地温、气温的西安气候变化特征研究(2012Z 15)资助


Characteristics of Soil Temperature Variation in Xi’an in Recent 51 Years
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    摘要:

    利用1961—2011年西安0~40 cm浅层逐月平均地温、地面最高、最低温度和1981—2011年深层80 cm、160 cm和320 cm逐月平均地温观测资料,采用气候倾向率、滑动t检验、功率谱等气候统计方法,研究了西安平均地温的变化趋势、变化周期、气候突变和异常年份等。结果表明:在全球气候变暖背景下,西安各层年、季平均地温除夏季各浅层呈降温趋势外其余均为升温趋势,升幅为011~056 ℃/10a,0~20 cm各层及160 cm平均地温升温率为春季最大,40 cm、320 cm为冬季最大,80 cm为秋季最大,各层均为夏季最小。地面最高年平均温度呈略下降趋势,最低呈明显升高趋势。浅层0~40 cm年平均地温存在显著的23年、36~46年的变化周期以及32年的长周期震荡。年平均地温在1993年或1994年发生了突变;浅层春季平均地温在20世纪90年代中后期发生了突变,夏季在20世纪70年代末或20世纪90年代中期发生了两次突变,秋冬季基本未出现突变;深层各季在20世纪90年代中期发生了突变。年平均地温除160 cm未出现异常年份外,80 cm在1993年出现异常偏低年,其余各层在21世纪00年代初中期出现异常偏高年;春季多偏高年份,夏季多偏低年份,冬季异常年份最多。地温和气温变化的相关性达到082以上,说明气温的变化是影响地温变化的主要因素。

    Abstract:

    Based on monthly average soil temperature at the depths of 0 to 40 cm and the maximum and minimum 0 cm temperature from 1961 to 2011 and monthly average soil temperature at the depth of 80 cm, 160 cm, and 320 cm from 1981 to 2011, using the statistical diagnostic methods such as linear trend analysis, moving 〖WTBX〗t〖WTBZ〗 test and power spectrum, the variation trends and variation periods of average soil temperature, climate abrupt change, and anomalous years in Xi’an are studied.The results show that under the background of global warming, the annual and seasonal soil temperature at various levels, except in the near surface layer, showed warming trends, with the heating rate being 011 to 056 ℃ per 10 years. At the levels of 0 to 20 cm and 160 cm, the average soil temperature rising rate reached its maximum in spring; at the level of 40 cm and 320 cm, the largest was in winter, and at 80 cm that is in autumn; the minimum was in summer for all layers.The annual maximum surface temperature decreased slightly, and the minimum increased obviously; there was periodic variation in the annual mean soil temperature in the layer of 0 to 40 cm with the periods being 23 years and 36 to 46 years, as well as a long term oscillation of 32 years.There appeared abrupt changes in annual mean soil temperature in 1993 or 1994There appeared anomalous high annual mean soil temperature at various levels in the early and middle 2000s, except at 160 cm (no anomalous years) and 80 cm (anomalously low). Anomalous high soil temperature appeared mainly in spring, and anomalous low mainly in summer. The correlation between soil temperature at each depth and air temperature was greater than 082, which shows that air temperature variation is the main factor leading to soil temperature variation.

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曲静,王昱,张弘.近51年西安地温变化特征[J].气象科技,2014,42(4):657~662

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  • 收稿日期:2013-06-13
  • 定稿日期:2013-11-07
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  • 在线发布日期: 2014-08-26
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