海南一次冰雹天气过程成因分析
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国家自然科学基金(41365005)、海南省气象局科研项目(HNQXJS201601)共同资助


Causal Analysis of a Hail Event with Mesoscale Characteristics in Hainan
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    摘要:

    利用海南岛上常规观测资料,雷达、葵花卫星等非常规观测资料,欧洲中心再分析资料和NCEP全球实时海温,对比分析了2018年3月3日海南冰雹的环境条件及其中尺度特征。结果表明:①3月2—4日,大尺度环流特征为中层干冷的W—SW急流、低层SW暖气流及地面西南低压槽。②3日的区域大气层结处于稳定转变为不稳定的状态,局地增长的不稳定能量在海风锋的触发下强烈释放,适宜的0~6 km垂直风切变,0 ℃、20 ℃高度有利于对流单体发展成雹暴单体。③2日海南岛附近区域层结稳定,CAPE值偏低;4日海南岛处于低层大风核入口前侧,水汽辐散,海风锋垂直环流被抑制,这些都不利于强对流的发展。④此次降雹单体具有多个雷达回波特征,当移入多普勒雷达静锥区后,利用风廓线雷达资料可监测到高层急流脉动下传,0~5 km、0~3 km垂直风切变相继增大的特征,对判断风暴的演变具有重要参考意义。⑤初生对流单体在地面辐合线和儋州中部露点锋交界处生成,在海风锋北端和海口-澄迈北部露点锋重叠区发展为雹暴单体,雹暴单体前沿的露点锋有新生单体的传播。

    Abstract:

    Using various data such as conventional observation data, radar and satellite data, reanalysis data from EC and realtime global sea surface temperature data from NCEP, the environmental conditions of a hail event on 3 March 2018 in Hainan are compared and examined and the its mesoscale features are analyzed. The results show that largescale circulations were depicted with a midlevel drycold WSW jet, lowlevel warm SW flows and the surface southwest trough from 2 to 4 March. On 3 March, the regional atmospheric stratification was in a transition from stable to unstable. The local increased unstable energy was strongly released by the trigger of seabreeze front. The favorable 0to6 km vertical wind shear, 0 ℃ and 20 ℃ heights are conducive to the development of the hailstorm. On 2 March, the regional stratification near the Hainan Island was stable and the CAPE value was low; on 4 March, the Hainan Island was at the entrance of the lowlevel gale core with divergent water vapor, and the vertical circulation of the seabreeze front was restrained. Those were unfavorable for the development of severe convections. This hailstorm had some typical radar characteristics. After the hailstorm moving into the static cone areas of Doppler radar, the downtoward propagation of highlevel jet pulse and the increase of the vertical wind shear of 0 to 5 km and 0 to 3 km can be detected by utilizing the wind profile radar, which is of great significance to the judgment of the evolution of the storm cell. The convective cell initially appeared at the junction of the surface convergent line and the dew point front in the central Danzhou, and developed into a hailstorm in the overlapping areas of the northside of the sea breeze front and the dew point front in the north of Haikou to Danzhou. New cells developed around the dew point front at the front of the hailstorm.

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冯箫,施萧,李勋.海南一次冰雹天气过程成因分析[J].气象科技,2020,48(4):542~553

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  • 收稿日期:2019-08-13
  • 定稿日期:2019-05-18
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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-08-21
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