一次超级单体龙卷双偏振多普勒天气雷达分析
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国家重点研发计划(重大自然灾害监测预警与防范)项目(2018YFC1506104)、中国气象局预报员专项项目(CMAYBY2020055)、安徽省科研项目(kY201908)资助


Analysis of a Supercell Tornado with Dual-polarization Doppler Radar
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    摘要:

    利用蚌埠S波段双偏振多普勒雷达资料,对安徽省宿州市2020年7月22日的龙卷天气进行了分析。结果表明:在梅雨期暴雨天气形势下,较低的抬升凝结高度、较强的中低层垂直风切变为龙卷提供了有利的环境背景。龙卷发生在梅雨锋南端的超级单体风暴中,底层的右后方出现钩状回波。风暴参数、中气旋、龙卷涡旋(TVS)特征参数在龙卷过程中的急剧变化,对提前预警和判断龙卷是否发生有较好的指示意义。龙卷发生前单体风暴最大反射率因子、垂直累积液态水、顶高都跃增,底高明显降低,龙卷发生在最大反射率因子高度骤降到风暴底部之时。雷达在龙卷发生前24 min探测到中气旋,在42 min前探测到TVS。龙卷发生前中气旋顶高跃增、最大切变量高度骤降,龙卷发生在底高降到1 km以下,同时顶高骤降、最大切变量高度降到中气旋底部之时。龙卷发生前TVS顶高和最大切变量跃增、最大切变量高度骤降,龙卷发生时顶高骤降,最大切变量高度也随之降到TVS底部。在底层钩状回波末端处观测到零滞后相关系数、差分反射率低值区的龙卷碎片特征。

    Abstract:

    Using the Sband dualpolarization Doppler radar in Bengbu, the tornado weather on 22 July 2020 in Suzhou, Anhui Province is analyzed in detail. The results show that under the situation of a rainstorm in the Meiyu period,the lower lifting condensation level and strong vertical wind shear in the middle and low levels provided a favorable environment for the tornado. The tornado occurred in a supercell storm at the southern end of the Meiyu front. There was a hook echo at the right rear of the bottom layer of the supercell. The rapid changes of storm parameters, mesocyclone and TVS (Tornado Vortex Signature) parameters are good indications for early warning and judgement for the occurrence of the tornado. Before the occurrence of the tornado, the maximum reflectivity, vertical accumulated liquid water and top height of the individual storm all increased, while the bottom height decreased significantly. The tornado occurred when the maximum reflectivity factor height dropped rapidly to the bottom. The radar detected the mesocyclone and TVS, 24 and 42 minutes, respectively, before the tornado occurred. Meanwhile the top height of the mesocyclone increased significantly and the maximum hear height dropped sharply. The tornado occurred when the bottom height dropped below 1 km. The top height dropped suddenly and the maximum hear height dropped to the bottom of the mesocyclone. Before the occurrence of tornado, the TVS top height and the maximum shear increased, and the maximum shear height decreased. When the tornado occurred, the top height decreased, and the maximum shear height also decreased to the bottom of TVS. The zerolag correlation coefficient and the tornadic debris signature (TDS) in the low differential reflectance area were observed at the end of the bottom hook echo.

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项阳,吴林林.一次超级单体龙卷双偏振多普勒天气雷达分析[J].气象科技,2021,49(4):579~588

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-29
  • 定稿日期:2021-04-20
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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-08-23
  • 出版日期: 2021-08-31
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