2020年湖南两次典型混合型强对流天气过程对比分析
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2021年中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2021J020)、2022年湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ40214)及2023年中国气象局复盘专项(FPZJ2023088)共同资助


Comparative Analysis of Two Severe Convective Processes in Hunan Province in 2020
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    摘要:

    利用地面自动站资料、多普勒天气雷达资料、卫星逐小时TBB资料及NCEP再分析资料,对2020年3月下旬两次强对流天气过程(21—22日过程和26—27日过程)进行对比分析。结果表明:①两次强对流天气过程都有较好的动力、热气和水汽条件配合,高层辐散、低层辐合的环流配置有利于上升运动,热力不稳定层结强烈发展,加上有利的水汽条件,在高空低槽与地面辐合线等系统的触发下,导致混合强对流天气发生。②两次强对流天气过程均分为两个阶段,暖平流强迫类强对流和斜压锋生类,在暖平流强迫类阶段不稳定能量积聚很明显,并在斜压锋生阶段开始前得到一定程度的释放,两次过程斜压锋生类阶段的动力条件和水汽辐合较暖平流类阶段更强。③两次强对流天气过程均出现了冰雹、雷暴大风、短时强降水,“21日过程”西南急流发展更加旺盛,暖平流中心强度更强,垂直伸展高度更厚,热力条件更好,以雷暴大风、冰雹为主;“26日过程”冷空气势力更强,显著上升运动维持的时间也较长,有着更充沛的水汽供给,以短时强降水为主。④两次过程怀化沅陵县官庄镇19:00—20:00均出现冰雹,雷达回波均反映出典型的冰雹回波特征,“21日过程”较“26日过程”最大反射率因子更大,中气旋强度更强,垂直累积液态含水量(VIL)跃增更明显,值更大,中气旋扩展高度更高、高空辐散更强,因此冰雹直径更大。

    Abstract:

    Based on the data of the ground automatic station, Doppler weather radar, satellite hourly TBB data and NCEP reanalysis data, two strong convective weather processes (the process of 21-22 and the process of 26-27) in late March 2020 are compared and analyzed. The results show that: (1) The two strong convective weather processes had good coordination of dynamical, thermal and water vapour conditions. The circulation configuration of highlevel divergence and lowlevel convergence was conducive to upward movement. The strong development of thermal unstable stratification, coupled with favourable water vapour conditions, triggered by systems such as the upper trough and the surface convergence line, led to the occurrence of mixed strong convection weather. (2) The two strong convective weather processes were divided into two stages, namely, warm advection forced strong convection and baroclinic frontogenesis. The accumulation of unstable energy was obvious in the forced phase of warm advection, and it was released to a certain extent before the beginning of the baroclinic frontogenesis phase. The dynamical conditions and water vapour convergence in the baroclinic frontogenesis stage of the two processes were stronger than those in the warm advection stage. (3) Hail, thunderstorms, gale and shortterm strong precipitation occurred in the two strong convection weather processes. In the first process, the southwest jet developed more vigorously, the intensity of the warm advection centre was stronger, the vertical extension height was thicker, and the thermal conditions were better, mainly thunderstorms, gales and hail. In the second process, the cold air was stronger, and the significant upward movement lasted longer, with a more abundant water vapour supply, mainly shortterm strong precipitation. (4) Hail occurred in 19:00-20:00 in Guanzhuang Town, Yuanling County, Huaihua, in both processes. The radar echoes all reflected the typical hail echo characteristics. The maximum reflectivity factor of the “21-22 process” was larger than that of the “26-27 process”, the intensity of the mesocyclone was stronger, the vertical cumulative liquid water content (VIL) jump was more obvious, and the value was larger, the expansion height of the mesocyclone was higher, and the upper air divergence was stronger, so the diameter of the hail was larger.

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周慧,周莉,蔡荣辉,陈龙,唐佳,唐明晖,黄骄文.2020年湖南两次典型混合型强对流天气过程对比分析[J].气象科技,2023,51(2):222~232

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  • 收稿日期:2022-03-24
  • 定稿日期:2023-02-02
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  • 在线发布日期: 2023-04-27
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