一二维水动力-管网耦合内涝模型构建技术及应用
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广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB22080101)、河北省资源环境灾变机理及风险监控重点实验室开放基金( FZ248101)资助


One/Two-Dimensional Hydrodynamic-Pipe Network Coupled Flooding Model Construction Technology and Application
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    摘要:

    在全球气候变暖和城市化发展的双重影响下,城市极端降雨事件频发。利用数字高程模型数据、土地利用数据、遥感影像数据、兴趣点POI数据、实测降水数据,构建江苏省盐城市建湖高新区的一二维水动力-管网耦合内涝模型,其中一维水动力图层包括河道中心线、河道断面、流量边界、开边界,共设置68个河道断面,平均断面间隔为260 m;通过网格化剖分,将地表高程数据赋值网格节点,搭建网格化二维地形模型,实现积涝状况可视化数值模拟。以两场实测降雨过程对模型进行检验,在此基础上,分别模拟5年、10年、20年、30年、50年和100年重现期降雨量下的内涝地表积水深度和空间分布特点,以特别严重内涝、严重内涝、中度内涝、一般性内涝进行分级,绘制积涝等级分布图,结果表明:不同重现期下,高新区水深主要分布在0.1~0.25 m,占总内涝风险面积50%左右。100年一遇情景下,商务住宅受暴雨积涝影响最为严重,受影响占比38.4%;交通设施、医疗保健类公共设施次之,受影响占比28.5%;科教文化、公司企业类公共设施受影响较小,分别为14.2%和19.8%。评估结果能够为高新开发区建设与洪涝防治规划提供科学参考依据。

    Abstract:

    With the rapid and intensive development of high-tech industrial development zones, they become more sensitive to environmental factors, especially extreme climate events. Under the dual influences of global warming and urbanisation, extreme rainfall events occur frequently in cities, and urban inland inundation poses a significant threat to development zones. Using digital elevation model data, land use data, remote sensing image data, POI data, and measured precipitation data, a one-dimensional and two-dimensional hydrodynamic-pipe network coupling inland inundation model for Jianhu High-tech Zone is constructed. The one-dimensional hydrodynamic layer includes river centre lines, river sections, flow boundaries, and open boundaries, with a total of 68 river sections set up at an average interval of 260 metres. Through grid subdivision, the surface elevation data are assigned to grid nodes to build a gridded two-dimensional terrain model, simulating the evolution of two-dimensional hydrodynamic forces. The grid subdivision is based on research needs, with grid refinement in areas near the river channel and sparse grid in areas away from the river channel to improve model simulation accuracy and efficiency. A total of 8345 triangular grids are divided. After parameter calibration, the model achieves visual numerical simulation of inland inundation conditions. The model is tested using two measured rainfall processes. The model simulation results are consistent with the actual inland inundation conditions. Based on this, the evolution process and distribution characteristics of inland inundation under extreme rainstorm conditions are analysed. Based on the constructed urban inland inundation numerical simulation model, the surface water depth and spatial distribution characteristics of inland inundation under five-year, ten-year, twenty-year, thirty-year, fifty-year, and one-hundred-year return periods are simulated, with severe inland inundation, moderate inland inundation, and general inland inundation classified. The distribution map of inland inundation grades is drawn. The results show that under different return periods, the water depth in the high-tech zone mainly distributes between 0.1 and 0.25 metres, accounting for about 50% of the total inland inundation risk area. Under the scenario of a 100-year return period, commercial residential buildings are mostly affected by heavy rainfall, accounting for 38.4% of the affected area. Transportation facilities and public facilities for healthcare are the next, accounting for 28.5% of the affected area. Public facilities for science and education, culture, and companies are less affected, accounting for 14.2% and 19.8% of the affected area respectively. The evaluation results can provide a scientific reference for the construction and flood prevention planning of high-tech zones.

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陈剑飞,信佳岑,薛丰昌.一二维水动力-管网耦合内涝模型构建技术及应用[J].气象科技,2024,52(6):879~889

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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-02
  • 定稿日期:2024-10-16
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-12-25
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