The detecting principles of the ADTD lightning detection system are introduced, and the effects of faults in substations on the stability of the whole detection system, as well as the qualities of collected data, are analyzed. By analyzing the structure and basic equipment status of the ADTD lightning detection system, a set of ideas and methods for troubleshooting of the ADTD lightning detection system are presented. Through examining of the major faults of the ADTD lightning detection system occurred in operation from 2006 to 2010, the typical faults and their symptoms are summarized, and the possible causes and troubleshooting methods are discussed. A series of measures to improve the system are provided, and the main factors influencing the stability of the system are studied. Practice shows that the fault analysis method is highly maneuverable, can locate the faulty components with ideal accuracy and effectiveness.