Using the hourly precipitation data from April to October, 1999 to 2011 in Shandong Province, the threshold values of short term extremely heavy precipitation in Shandong province are defined and calculated with three methods (sorting, normal distribution transformation, and square root transformation). The results show that the thresholds gotten with different methods are significantly different. The threshold values calculated by the sorting method are close to the actual distribution, so the threshold values in the five parts of Shandong Province are defined. The threshold values in the southeast, central, and the northwest parts of Shandong Province are bigger, but those in the southwest and peninsula parts of Shandong Province are lower, especially that in the southwest is the lowest. Short term extremely heavy precipitations appear frequently in the northwestern, southwestern, southeastern, and central Shandong Province, as well as the southern Shandong Peninsula, but rarely occur in the northern Peninsula. Short term extremely heavy precipitations are not necessarily related to the annual mean precipitation and often happen accidentally. The right measures should be taken for short term extreme heavy precipitations, especially in July and August.