This paper analyzes the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of temperature and precipitation changes in the north part of Henan Province based on GIS technology, using the temperature and precipitation data of 28 observation stations in “Homogenization Dataset of China National Ground Meteorological Station” from 1971 to 2010 in the northern Henan. The results show that the temperature of the northern Henan showed an increasing trend and significant warming in winter and spring. The spatial distribution of temperature variation shows that larger in the northern and central parts and smaller in the eastern and western parts. Seasonal variation of precipitation was relatively large, and precipitation in spring showed increasing trend overall and fluctuated in other seasons. The spatial variation distribution characteristics of precipitation show that precipitation decreased obviously in the western mountain area along the Taihang Mountain and increased slightly in the eastern region. From the overall changes, the interregional differences in climate change increased in the northern Henan, and local changes were not stable. This paper analyzes the drought occurrence tend by means of temperature and precipitation ratio, and the results show that the drought trend along the Taihang Mountains is obvious, and on the contrary in the region of the Yellow River. The Taihang Mountain and the Yellow River are the main terrain factors caused climate regional distribution in the northern Henan.