In order to reveal the effects of topography and land use types on extreme lightning activities in Jiangxi Province, in this paper, the maximum lightning density and maximum lightning intensity are selected as the two main parameters to reflect extreme lightning activity. Based on the monitoring data of lightning and the remote sensing data of surface vegetation and topographic elevation image, the main parameters of different land use, slope and aspect are extracted. The distribution of extreme lightning activity and its correlation to land use and topography are analyzed. The results show that the extreme lightning activities mainly occurred in urban and rural construction lands, and the second is arable lands. The activities of lightning with the maximum intensity occurred in hills and mountains in Ganzhou and Jiujiang, in which the land use type is forestland mainly, and the next is arable land. The topographic factors that affect the distribution of extreme lightning activity mainly include slope, aspect and elevation.