Volume 31,Issue 1,2003 Table of Contents
2003, 31(1):3.
Abstract:
The factors causing inhomogeneities and the techniques of identifying inhomogeneities and adjusting climate series developed by the native and foreign climatologists are discussed. The progress of the homogeneity study of the national or regional climate data in respective countries are summarized. A summary of the relocations of the stations and the changes of the instruments in China during 1951-2001 is given.The conclusions on the homogeneity study of Chinese climate data are reviewed, and some discussions and suggestions on homogeneity study of meteorological data are presented.
The factors causing inhomogeneities and the techniques of identifying inhomogeneities and adjusting climate series developed by the native and foreign climatologists are discussed. The progress of the homogeneity study of the national or regional climate data in respective countries are summarized. A summary of the relocations of the stations and the changes of the instruments in China during 1951-2001 is given.The conclusions on the homogeneity study of Chinese climate data are reviewed, and some discussions and suggestions on homogeneity study of meteorological data are presented.
2003, 31(1):11-17.
Abstract:
The distribution patterns of correlation between the summer rainfall in Shandong Province (SRSD) and moisture flux over the South China Sea-West Pacific (MFSP) in the preceding winter, spring and simultaneous summer are analyzed by using the singular value decomposition (SVD). The "key regions" are found and the reliability of these regions is proven. It is indicated that there are close relationship between the SRSD and the MFSP in the preceding winter, spring and simultaneous summer, and the highest correlation exists between the SRSD and the MFSP in spring, the higher in winter and the lowest in summer. There is apparent negative correlation between the summer rainfall in the south, southeast and peninsula of Shandong Province and the latitudinal MFSP and the longitudinal moisture flux over the south of Japan in the preceding winter. There is apparent negative correlation between the summer rainfall in mostly parts of Shandong Province and the latitudinal moisture flux over the east regions of Taiwan and tropical West Pacific, and there is apparent positive correlation between the summer rainfall in mostly part of Shandong Province and the longitudinal moisture flux over the West Pacific and China Continent-Japan in preceding spring. There is apparent positive correlation between the summer rainfall in the northwest,southwest and peninsula of Shandong Province and the moisture flux over the China Continent-Japan in summer.
The distribution patterns of correlation between the summer rainfall in Shandong Province (SRSD) and moisture flux over the South China Sea-West Pacific (MFSP) in the preceding winter, spring and simultaneous summer are analyzed by using the singular value decomposition (SVD). The "key regions" are found and the reliability of these regions is proven. It is indicated that there are close relationship between the SRSD and the MFSP in the preceding winter, spring and simultaneous summer, and the highest correlation exists between the SRSD and the MFSP in spring, the higher in winter and the lowest in summer. There is apparent negative correlation between the summer rainfall in the south, southeast and peninsula of Shandong Province and the latitudinal MFSP and the longitudinal moisture flux over the south of Japan in the preceding winter. There is apparent negative correlation between the summer rainfall in mostly parts of Shandong Province and the latitudinal moisture flux over the east regions of Taiwan and tropical West Pacific, and there is apparent positive correlation between the summer rainfall in mostly part of Shandong Province and the longitudinal moisture flux over the West Pacific and China Continent-Japan in preceding spring. There is apparent positive correlation between the summer rainfall in the northwest,southwest and peninsula of Shandong Province and the moisture flux over the China Continent-Japan in summer.
2003, 31(1):18-22.
Abstract:
Based on 1948-1999 NCEP/NCAR data of the deep convection heating and monthly-mean rainfall at 160 stations, study is undertaken of summertime deep convection heating over the southeast of Tibetan Plateau. Evidence shows that the active deep convection heating exerts great effects on the precipitation of mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze river. Also, the correlation analysis indicates that the deep convection heating contributes to the flood of the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze river with moisture and energy transfer.
Based on 1948-1999 NCEP/NCAR data of the deep convection heating and monthly-mean rainfall at 160 stations, study is undertaken of summertime deep convection heating over the southeast of Tibetan Plateau. Evidence shows that the active deep convection heating exerts great effects on the precipitation of mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze river. Also, the correlation analysis indicates that the deep convection heating contributes to the flood of the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze river with moisture and energy transfer.
2003, 31(1):23-28.
Abstract:
文章应用湿位涡理论 ,分析了发生在东南亚夏季的两个强降水个例 ,讨论了湿位涡与东南亚强降水形成的关系。东南亚夏季具有利于强降水发生的湿位涡场分布特征 ;强降水的发展与湿位涡的变化有很好的对应关系 :当对流层低层MPV1<0、同时MPV2 ≥ 0时 ,易产生强降水 ;当对流层高层MPV1正值区与低层MPV1负值区相互作用 ,即高层下滑的干冷空气与低层上升的高温高湿空气交汇 ,容易贮存和释放湿对流不稳定能量 ,有利于强降水产生。湿位涡理论在东南亚强降水诊断中有很好的应用前景。
文章应用湿位涡理论 ,分析了发生在东南亚夏季的两个强降水个例 ,讨论了湿位涡与东南亚强降水形成的关系。东南亚夏季具有利于强降水发生的湿位涡场分布特征 ;强降水的发展与湿位涡的变化有很好的对应关系 :当对流层低层MPV1<0、同时MPV2 ≥ 0时 ,易产生强降水 ;当对流层高层MPV1正值区与低层MPV1负值区相互作用 ,即高层下滑的干冷空气与低层上升的高温高湿空气交汇 ,容易贮存和释放湿对流不稳定能量 ,有利于强降水产生。湿位涡理论在东南亚强降水诊断中有很好的应用前景。
2003, 31(1):29-32.
Abstract:
The energy consumption is divided into social economics energy consumption and climate energy consumption by a multinomial method.The relation and its changes of climate energy consumption and climate factor of China with the statistical analysis are discussed. The conclusions are as follows :the drought and waterlogging was a main climate factor before the 1980s, after then, the contribution of temperature on energy consumption increases constantly,and the influence of meteorology disasters decreases gradually. At present, the influence of temperature is not very obvious and it is in transition period.
The energy consumption is divided into social economics energy consumption and climate energy consumption by a multinomial method.The relation and its changes of climate energy consumption and climate factor of China with the statistical analysis are discussed. The conclusions are as follows :the drought and waterlogging was a main climate factor before the 1980s, after then, the contribution of temperature on energy consumption increases constantly,and the influence of meteorology disasters decreases gradually. At present, the influence of temperature is not very obvious and it is in transition period.
2003, 31(1):33.
Abstract:
The different values of standard temperature year average using the meteorological data in Anhui Province are discussed. The statistical test of these differences of element average is made on the supposition that standard square deviation for whole data is unknown.The current year average based on 1960-1990 data for China meteorological operation is suitable to the statistical analysis.
The different values of standard temperature year average using the meteorological data in Anhui Province are discussed. The statistical test of these differences of element average is made on the supposition that standard square deviation for whole data is unknown.The current year average based on 1960-1990 data for China meteorological operation is suitable to the statistical analysis.
2003, 31(1):38.
Abstract:
A strong rainstorm occurred at Shengsi in the north of Zhoushan city,Zhejiang Province from 20:00 August 5th to 20:00 August 6th 2001. Meantime, a torrential rainstorm happened in Shanghai as well,its rainfall was up to 275mm. Using routine observation data, the large scale atmospheric circulation and corresponding physical fields associated with this rain event are analyzed. The results show that the subtropical high is anomalously strong in earlier time. The easterly wind in the south side of subtropical high provides a plenty of water vapor and energy. In the north, the westerly trough carrying weak cold air intrudes into the remains of a tropical depression, which generates strong convection and triggers the release of unstable energy. It leads to the development of mesoscale and smallscale systems and provides the dynamic lifting, which is necessary for rainstorm to develop.
A strong rainstorm occurred at Shengsi in the north of Zhoushan city,Zhejiang Province from 20:00 August 5th to 20:00 August 6th 2001. Meantime, a torrential rainstorm happened in Shanghai as well,its rainfall was up to 275mm. Using routine observation data, the large scale atmospheric circulation and corresponding physical fields associated with this rain event are analyzed. The results show that the subtropical high is anomalously strong in earlier time. The easterly wind in the south side of subtropical high provides a plenty of water vapor and energy. In the north, the westerly trough carrying weak cold air intrudes into the remains of a tropical depression, which generates strong convection and triggers the release of unstable energy. It leads to the development of mesoscale and smallscale systems and provides the dynamic lifting, which is necessary for rainstorm to develop.
2003, 31(1):42.
Abstract:
Temperature and gravitational corrections are important factors affecting the use of Barometer and the measurement uncertainty in calibration. The principles of temperature and gravitational correction are described and the problems in use of gravitation acceleration and the impact of the gravitation in error correction on the pressure measurement are studied.
Temperature and gravitational corrections are important factors affecting the use of Barometer and the measurement uncertainty in calibration. The principles of temperature and gravitational correction are described and the problems in use of gravitation acceleration and the impact of the gravitation in error correction on the pressure measurement are studied.
2003, 31(1):45-49.
Abstract:
Severe precipitation and strong wind are very danger to the safety running conditions of the high speed railway. Based on the data of precipitation and wind speed along the railway from Beijing to Shanghai, the distribution characteristics of the two main meteorological factors were computed and analyzed, and the maximum of precipitation and wind speed that occur for decades are also be calculated. These scientific meteorological parameters are useful in the design of high speed railway from Beijing to Shanghai.
Severe precipitation and strong wind are very danger to the safety running conditions of the high speed railway. Based on the data of precipitation and wind speed along the railway from Beijing to Shanghai, the distribution characteristics of the two main meteorological factors were computed and analyzed, and the maximum of precipitation and wind speed that occur for decades are also be calculated. These scientific meteorological parameters are useful in the design of high speed railway from Beijing to Shanghai.
2003, 31(1):50-53.
Abstract:
Low temperature and spare sunlight is one of the main disaster of vegetable production in greenhouse. It is necessary to estimate the degree of the disaster to vegetable in daily weather service. According to the observational data and the damage degree of vegetable in the past years, the grades of low temperature and spare sunlight were established. The space-time distribution results of the low temperature and spare sunlight are presented in all regions of Hebei Province. After the 1980s,the frequency that low temperature and spare sunlight occurrs increases obviously than the 1960s and 1970s.Its frequency and damage degree decrease evidently with the latitude increasing in all regions of Hebei Province.
Low temperature and spare sunlight is one of the main disaster of vegetable production in greenhouse. It is necessary to estimate the degree of the disaster to vegetable in daily weather service. According to the observational data and the damage degree of vegetable in the past years, the grades of low temperature and spare sunlight were established. The space-time distribution results of the low temperature and spare sunlight are presented in all regions of Hebei Province. After the 1980s,the frequency that low temperature and spare sunlight occurrs increases obviously than the 1960s and 1970s.Its frequency and damage degree decrease evidently with the latitude increasing in all regions of Hebei Province.
2003, 31(1):54-57.
Abstract:
Based on the historical weather chart, a useful and more exact reliability calculational formula of the probability forecast for cold disaster in the late autumn is established by use of the stepwise screening method. A extended prediction for the cold disaster can be made by combining with the products of numerical weather prediction (NWP).
Based on the historical weather chart, a useful and more exact reliability calculational formula of the probability forecast for cold disaster in the late autumn is established by use of the stepwise screening method. A extended prediction for the cold disaster can be made by combining with the products of numerical weather prediction (NWP).
2003, 31(1):58-61.
Abstract:
cases of prehospital sudden death patients who received prehospital emergency medical care provided by the Shanghai Medical Emergency Center from January to December in 1999 are collected. The seansonality of Prehospital sudden death and its relationship between weather and climate are analyzed in order to decrease the sudden death related to weather change. The results show that 70.44% of the patients had a history of diseases before sudden death, high sudden death incidence happens in the age group of 60-80 years old that account for 64.48% of all patients. The male patients are more than the females. The incidence rate of prehospital sudden death patient is the highest in winter and the peak happens at 07:00 am in a day. There is a positive relationship between the total of sudden death and the variation of relative humidity and mean air pressure,and a negative relationship with minimum temperature and mean temperature. The cardiovascular-related sudden death, beside the above factors,is a positive relationship with the changes of the air pressure, the minimum temperature,and the radiation hours etc. Also, there is a negative relationship between coronary heart disease, other heart disease and mean wind velocity, and there is a positive relationship between hypertension and mean air pressure.
cases of prehospital sudden death patients who received prehospital emergency medical care provided by the Shanghai Medical Emergency Center from January to December in 1999 are collected. The seansonality of Prehospital sudden death and its relationship between weather and climate are analyzed in order to decrease the sudden death related to weather change. The results show that 70.44% of the patients had a history of diseases before sudden death, high sudden death incidence happens in the age group of 60-80 years old that account for 64.48% of all patients. The male patients are more than the females. The incidence rate of prehospital sudden death patient is the highest in winter and the peak happens at 07:00 am in a day. There is a positive relationship between the total of sudden death and the variation of relative humidity and mean air pressure,and a negative relationship with minimum temperature and mean temperature. The cardiovascular-related sudden death, beside the above factors,is a positive relationship with the changes of the air pressure, the minimum temperature,and the radiation hours etc. Also, there is a negative relationship between coronary heart disease, other heart disease and mean wind velocity, and there is a positive relationship between hypertension and mean air pressure.
2003, 31(1):62.
Abstract:
The vehicle-based particle measuring system, software and observing data of urban air pollution in Beijing in Jun. and Dec. 2000 are introduced. The observing results show that there are big differences in the concentration of particles in near ground air in summer and in winter, in urban area and in suburb area and the concentration of particles in near ground air has an obvious change from day to night even in the same area, the same season. The experiment of monitoring urban air pollution indicates that the vehicle-based measuring system can record the size and concentration characteristics of particles in near groundair, the traveling track and the velocity of the vehicle.
The vehicle-based particle measuring system, software and observing data of urban air pollution in Beijing in Jun. and Dec. 2000 are introduced. The observing results show that there are big differences in the concentration of particles in near ground air in summer and in winter, in urban area and in suburb area and the concentration of particles in near ground air has an obvious change from day to night even in the same area, the same season. The experiment of monitoring urban air pollution indicates that the vehicle-based measuring system can record the size and concentration characteristics of particles in near groundair, the traveling track and the velocity of the vehicle.
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Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.