Volume 31,Issue 3,2003 Table of Contents
2003, 31(3):131-135.
Abstract:
文章介绍了大气中天然放射性核素铍-7(^7Be)、铅-210(^210Pb)源、汇特征以及示踪大气动力输送过程的一般原理。对国内、外有关^7Be、^210Pb观测研究历史、现状以及它们在大气科学中应用成果也作了综述性的描述。^7Be和^210Pb是示踪研究平流层与对流层交换、气溶胶干、湿沉降等过程的一个重要的示踪物。随着大气中传统的核试验所产生的^137Cs、^90Si等示踪同位素背景浓度的降低，^7Be和^210Pb的示踪作用在大气科学应用中将越来越得到重视。
文章介绍了大气中天然放射性核素铍-7(^7Be)、铅-210(^210Pb)源、汇特征以及示踪大气动力输送过程的一般原理。对国内、外有关^7Be、^210Pb观测研究历史、现状以及它们在大气科学中应用成果也作了综述性的描述。^7Be和^210Pb是示踪研究平流层与对流层交换、气溶胶干、湿沉降等过程的一个重要的示踪物。随着大气中传统的核试验所产生的^137Cs、^90Si等示踪同位素背景浓度的降低，^7Be和^210Pb的示踪作用在大气科学应用中将越来越得到重视。
2003, 31(3):136-139146.
Abstract:
文章用1851～2000年中国年气温资料，讨论了它的变化及其未来趋势。指出：①我国气温有3次全国性的跃变，分别在1920、1955和1978年，每个阶段平均持续期为30年，这和北半球气温跃变点是基本一致的；②我国气温从1978年开始进入了一个稳定增温的气候阶段，直到目前全国年平均气温比上一气候阶段增加了0．3l℃，增暖地区主要在黄河以北的北方地区，冬季增暖比夏季明显，1998年是我国近百年来最暖的一年；③最近一次增温开始于1978年，至2000年持续了23年，估计这个增温阶段至少还能持续10年，但未来10年主要的增温地区有可能南移，长江流域将比现在暖，夏季气温37℃以上的日数要比现阶段增多。
文章用1851～2000年中国年气温资料，讨论了它的变化及其未来趋势。指出：①我国气温有3次全国性的跃变，分别在1920、1955和1978年，每个阶段平均持续期为30年，这和北半球气温跃变点是基本一致的；②我国气温从1978年开始进入了一个稳定增温的气候阶段，直到目前全国年平均气温比上一气候阶段增加了0．3l℃，增暖地区主要在黄河以北的北方地区，冬季增暖比夏季明显，1998年是我国近百年来最暖的一年；③最近一次增温开始于1978年，至2000年持续了23年，估计这个增温阶段至少还能持续10年，但未来10年主要的增温地区有可能南移，长江流域将比现在暖，夏季气温37℃以上的日数要比现阶段增多。
2003, 31(3):140-146.
Abstract:
An analysis and study of icing physics and conditions are made. Experiments and comparisons of different icing algorithms are performed. An operational icing potential forecasting technique is developed with MM5 numerical model. An objective verification is conducted by using observed pilot reports of icing and operational modeloutput. The results show that the probability of detection is up to 81%.
An analysis and study of icing physics and conditions are made. Experiments and comparisons of different icing algorithms are performed. An operational icing potential forecasting technique is developed with MM5 numerical model. An objective verification is conducted by using observed pilot reports of icing and operational modeloutput. The results show that the probability of detection is up to 81%.
2003, 31(3):147-151.
Abstract:
In view of the mechanism of development of severe convective storms , the physical concepts and the calculating methods of several convective parameters related with buoyant energy and vertical wind shear are introduced. A case is studied in detail.The results indicate that some parameters may serve as forecaster parameters for severe convective storms.
In view of the mechanism of development of severe convective storms , the physical concepts and the calculating methods of several convective parameters related with buoyant energy and vertical wind shear are introduced. A case is studied in detail.The results indicate that some parameters may serve as forecaster parameters for severe convective storms.
2003, 31(3):152-155146.
Abstract:
SBDART is a popular model to compute plane-parallel radiative transfer in recent years. The model is designed for the analysis of a wide variety of radiative transfer problems encountered in satellite remote sensing and atmospheric radiation energy balance studies. The program is based on a collection of well tested and advanced physical models, which were developed over the past few decades in research practice. The function and structure of SBDART are introduced briefly in the paper. The SBDART model is combined with satellite data to obtain optical thickness of cloud and cloud drop effective radius, as well as extinction efficiency, in this way, recognition of aircraft icing is realized.
SBDART is a popular model to compute plane-parallel radiative transfer in recent years. The model is designed for the analysis of a wide variety of radiative transfer problems encountered in satellite remote sensing and atmospheric radiation energy balance studies. The program is based on a collection of well tested and advanced physical models, which were developed over the past few decades in research practice. The function and structure of SBDART are introduced briefly in the paper. The SBDART model is combined with satellite data to obtain optical thickness of cloud and cloud drop effective radius, as well as extinction efficiency, in this way, recognition of aircraft icing is realized.
2003, 31(3):156-159.
Abstract:
To make an investigation into cotton bollworm in the delta region of the Yellow River, the influence of the meteorological conditions upon its growing and the birth of the fifth generation cotton bollworm is analized. On these bases,the forecast equation for the fifth generation is established.
To make an investigation into cotton bollworm in the delta region of the Yellow River, the influence of the meteorological conditions upon its growing and the birth of the fifth generation cotton bollworm is analized. On these bases,the forecast equation for the fifth generation is established.
2003, 31(3):160-162166.
Abstract:
Based on the data of Jun.-Sep. temperature for Dinghai from 1954 to 2000, the climate characteristics of high temperature weather in Zhoushan City is analyzed, and the period of annual oscillation of high temperature is found.The strong or weak of subtropical high and their positions are well associated with the high temperature weather.The other factors influence the high temperature weather by affecting the strength and position of the subtropical high.
Based on the data of Jun.-Sep. temperature for Dinghai from 1954 to 2000, the climate characteristics of high temperature weather in Zhoushan City is analyzed, and the period of annual oscillation of high temperature is found.The strong or weak of subtropical high and their positions are well associated with the high temperature weather.The other factors influence the high temperature weather by affecting the strength and position of the subtropical high.
2003, 31(3):163-166.
Abstract:
利用广州白云机场1970～2000年逐时能见度观测资料，对白云机场低能见度的气候特征进行统计分析。结果表明：小于等于1km的低能见度有明显的8年周期变化，小于等于0．8kin和0．55km的低能见度主要振荡周期是6～10年；自20世纪70年代出现能见度小于等于1km的日数有逐年上升趋势，其中90年代出现的日数明显偏多，80年代相对偏少；低能见度有明显的季节变化和日变化特征；低能见度平均出现次数与持续时间明显成反比；造成低能见度障碍的天气现象仅有雾和雨。
利用广州白云机场1970～2000年逐时能见度观测资料，对白云机场低能见度的气候特征进行统计分析。结果表明：小于等于1km的低能见度有明显的8年周期变化，小于等于0．8kin和0．55km的低能见度主要振荡周期是6～10年；自20世纪70年代出现能见度小于等于1km的日数有逐年上升趋势，其中90年代出现的日数明显偏多，80年代相对偏少；低能见度有明显的季节变化和日变化特征；低能见度平均出现次数与持续时间明显成反比；造成低能见度障碍的天气现象仅有雾和雨。
2003, 31(3):167-173.
Abstract:
根据天气学原理 ,对 11个探空站 1988～ 1997年 7、8、9月逐日 (0 7时、19时 )资料与同期天气系统 (低槽、副热带高压、低压辐合、东风波、台风低压、大陆高压、台风外围 )进行计算与分析 ,结果表明 ,江西省 1988～ 1997年 7～ 9月平均水汽量值为 4 .4 6 g·cm-2 ,其中 :0 7时为 4 .4 4 g·cm-2 ,19时为 4 .4 7g·cm-2 ,7、8、9月平均水汽量值各为4 .8g·cm-2 、4 .6 4 g·cm-2 、4 .0 9g·cm-2 。水汽量分布为南部高北部低 ,东部和西部居中。东风波影响时水汽量最大 ,值为 9.2 3g·cm-2 ,大陆高压影响时水汽量最小 ,值为 0 .78g·cm-2 。轻度干旱频率区水汽量值最大 ,为4 .81g·cm-2 ,最小值出现在重度干旱频率区 ,为 0 .72 g·cm-2 。夏季水汽交换次数为 9.4次 /月 ,水汽更新率为 10 .2天。
根据天气学原理 ,对 11个探空站 1988～ 1997年 7、8、9月逐日 (0 7时、19时 )资料与同期天气系统 (低槽、副热带高压、低压辐合、东风波、台风低压、大陆高压、台风外围 )进行计算与分析 ,结果表明 ,江西省 1988～ 1997年 7～ 9月平均水汽量值为 4 .4 6 g·cm-2 ,其中 :0 7时为 4 .4 4 g·cm-2 ,19时为 4 .4 7g·cm-2 ,7、8、9月平均水汽量值各为4 .8g·cm-2 、4 .6 4 g·cm-2 、4 .0 9g·cm-2 。水汽量分布为南部高北部低 ,东部和西部居中。东风波影响时水汽量最大 ,值为 9.2 3g·cm-2 ,大陆高压影响时水汽量最小 ,值为 0 .78g·cm-2 。轻度干旱频率区水汽量值最大 ,为4 .81g·cm-2 ,最小值出现在重度干旱频率区 ,为 0 .72 g·cm-2 。夏季水汽交换次数为 9.4次 /月 ,水汽更新率为 10 .2天。
2003, 31(3):174-178.
Abstract:
One key technique of precipitation enhancement by AgI generator established at the windward side of the hill is to choose the occurring and lasting time of updrafts,which affect the rate of the valid nuclei into clouds.The feasibility of precipitation enhancement by AgI generator on the ground is analyzed.Using synoptic chart,satellite cloud picture,radar echo,and precipitation parameters,the technique of determining operating opportunity is discussed.
One key technique of precipitation enhancement by AgI generator established at the windward side of the hill is to choose the occurring and lasting time of updrafts,which affect the rate of the valid nuclei into clouds.The feasibility of precipitation enhancement by AgI generator on the ground is analyzed.Using synoptic chart,satellite cloud picture,radar echo,and precipitation parameters,the technique of determining operating opportunity is discussed.
2003, 31(3):179-182.
Abstract:
Based on the satellite images and synoptic charts and the radar(CINRAAD/CC) data of a heavy snow in southwestern of Hei Longjiang Province on December 12, 2001 ,the snowing weather process is analyzed. The result shows that the characteristics, such as the inhomogeneity of reflectivity, low level jet in speed field and two layer structure in height field can be obtained with the new generation weather radar ,as well as the difference of radar echoes of snow and rain is compared.
Based on the satellite images and synoptic charts and the radar(CINRAAD/CC) data of a heavy snow in southwestern of Hei Longjiang Province on December 12, 2001 ,the snowing weather process is analyzed. The result shows that the characteristics, such as the inhomogeneity of reflectivity, low level jet in speed field and two layer structure in height field can be obtained with the new generation weather radar ,as well as the difference of radar echoes of snow and rain is compared.
2003, 31(3):183-185189.
Abstract:
Using the data of precipitation in Weihai in winter from 1980 to 1999(Nov.-Feb.), the statistical characteristics of heavy snows are obtained. In these years, there were 21 heavy snows,average 1.0 heavy snows a year. The area of heavy snows is generally smaller, and the possibility of heavy snows over two meteorological observing stations or more is only 0.29. The uneven distribution of heavy snows is in association with the meteorological observing station's location. Most of heavy snows occurred in Wengdeng (average 0.7 heavy snow a year) while the least in Rushan(only one time in these years). The weather systems which caused heavy snows can be divided into two patterns: northeast cold vortex or trough line, and south trough line. The probability of the cold vortex accounts for 95.2%. It is predominant and the vortex caused 20 heavy snows in these years.
Using the data of precipitation in Weihai in winter from 1980 to 1999(Nov.-Feb.), the statistical characteristics of heavy snows are obtained. In these years, there were 21 heavy snows,average 1.0 heavy snows a year. The area of heavy snows is generally smaller, and the possibility of heavy snows over two meteorological observing stations or more is only 0.29. The uneven distribution of heavy snows is in association with the meteorological observing station's location. Most of heavy snows occurred in Wengdeng (average 0.7 heavy snow a year) while the least in Rushan(only one time in these years). The weather systems which caused heavy snows can be divided into two patterns: northeast cold vortex or trough line, and south trough line. The probability of the cold vortex accounts for 95.2%. It is predominant and the vortex caused 20 heavy snows in these years.
13 THE DESIGN OF THE PLACENAME INQUIRING AND CLEWING SYSTEM IN SATELLITIC REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS
2003, 31(3):186-189.
Abstract:
文章介绍了卫星遥感图像处理系统中地名查询提示系统(PICS)的开发技术及软件设计。通过应用检验，查询快捷，效果良好。
文章介绍了卫星遥感图像处理系统中地名查询提示系统(PICS)的开发技术及软件设计。通过应用检验，查询快捷，效果良好。
2003, 31(3):190.
Abstract:
Based on NOAA- AVHRR data from 1996 to 1999,the relation between the dry index of vegetation and relevant data of forest fire in Fujian Province is studied. It is indicated that the scope distribution of forest fire ranks in Fujian Province could be premonitored according to the geographic location of forest fire by GIS system.
Based on NOAA- AVHRR data from 1996 to 1999,the relation between the dry index of vegetation and relevant data of forest fire in Fujian Province is studied. It is indicated that the scope distribution of forest fire ranks in Fujian Province could be premonitored according to the geographic location of forest fire by GIS system.
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Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.