Volume 31,Issue 6,2003 Table of Contents
2003, 31(6):321-327.
Abstract:
A strong sandstorm from 18 March 2003 to 22 March 2003 affected Beijing greatly. During the sand storm, many meteorological elements such as wind, temperature, humidity, visibility changed strongly and all kinds of air pollutants' concentrations changed strongly as well. It is shown that PM 10 concentration increased quickly in a short time and on the contrary the other pollutants' concentrations decreased quickly.
A strong sandstorm from 18 March 2003 to 22 March 2003 affected Beijing greatly. During the sand storm, many meteorological elements such as wind, temperature, humidity, visibility changed strongly and all kinds of air pollutants' concentrations changed strongly as well. It is shown that PM 10 concentration increased quickly in a short time and on the contrary the other pollutants' concentrations decreased quickly.
2003, 31(6):328-333.
Abstract:
Based on the surface meteorological observation date from 20 stations in the Beijing area from 1954 to 2002, an investigation is conducted of the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, especially the long term trend and variation of sand dust storms, and the monthly variation in the Beijing area in recent 48 years. Also analyzed are the characteristics and causes of sand dust storms in Beijing in recent three years. Some variation regularities of sand dust storms are analyzed through wavelet analysis. It is found that there is an extra long period of 12-14 years and a short period of 2-4 years in floating dust days; and there is an extra long period of 8-12 years in fly sand days
Based on the surface meteorological observation date from 20 stations in the Beijing area from 1954 to 2002, an investigation is conducted of the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics, especially the long term trend and variation of sand dust storms, and the monthly variation in the Beijing area in recent 48 years. Also analyzed are the characteristics and causes of sand dust storms in Beijing in recent three years. Some variation regularities of sand dust storms are analyzed through wavelet analysis. It is found that there is an extra long period of 12-14 years and a short period of 2-4 years in floating dust days; and there is an extra long period of 8-12 years in fly sand days
2003, 31(6):334-339344.
Abstract:
A 3 D non hydrostatic Regional Boundary Layer Model (RBLM) is used to simulate the spatial wind and temperature distributions over Hangzhou under typical meteorological conditions. Based on these simulation results, an evaluation is made for the location selecting of the chemical industry area. It is suggested that chemical industry plants should be built in the direction of southwest to Hangzhou City.
A 3 D non hydrostatic Regional Boundary Layer Model (RBLM) is used to simulate the spatial wind and temperature distributions over Hangzhou under typical meteorological conditions. Based on these simulation results, an evaluation is made for the location selecting of the chemical industry area. It is suggested that chemical industry plants should be built in the direction of southwest to Hangzhou City.
2003, 31(6):340-344.
Abstract:
分析近3年春节期间的空气质量资料，结果表明，杭州市区环境空气中PM10、SO2、NO2浓度较高，烟花爆竹燃放期间3种污染物出现高峰值，这与烟花爆竹燃放有关，PM25／PM10的比值高于年均值。
分析近3年春节期间的空气质量资料，结果表明，杭州市区环境空气中PM10、SO2、NO2浓度较高，烟花爆竹燃放期间3种污染物出现高峰值，这与烟花爆竹燃放有关，PM25／PM10的比值高于年均值。
2003, 31(6):345-350.
Abstract:
Fog is one of the most severe weather events in Beijing in winter, and restrains the diffusion of air pollutants. During heavy fog days from 30 November 2002 to 4 December 2002, air pollutants were greatly retained by the wind shadow, low convergent zone, and conditional stability. The air was polluted heavily. The variation characteristics of air pollutants and the evolvement and characteristics of the related synoptic processes are analyzed.
Fog is one of the most severe weather events in Beijing in winter, and restrains the diffusion of air pollutants. During heavy fog days from 30 November 2002 to 4 December 2002, air pollutants were greatly retained by the wind shadow, low convergent zone, and conditional stability. The air was polluted heavily. The variation characteristics of air pollutants and the evolvement and characteristics of the related synoptic processes are analyzed.
2003, 31(6):351-355.
Abstract:
A brief introduction is made to the air quality forecasting in the Guangdong Meteorological Bureau, including forecast tools and their forecast capabilities, the analysis of operational forecast quality, as well as some tentative plans for improving the forecast level.
A brief introduction is made to the air quality forecasting in the Guangdong Meteorological Bureau, including forecast tools and their forecast capabilities, the analysis of operational forecast quality, as well as some tentative plans for improving the forecast level.
2003, 31(6):356-360.
Abstract:
Using meteorological data and horal pollutant concentrations data from 1 August 2001 to 31 July 2002, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of air pollutant concentrations and the influence of meteorological and non meteorological conditions on pollutant concentrations are analyzed. The results indicate that the air quality in Fuzhou is good, better in the summer half year than in the winter half year. The daily variations of air pollutants are obvious. The variations of air pollutant concentrations are correlated with meteorological conditions. Various meteorological factors affect air pollutant concentrations, but the linear correlation is not obvious. The human activity is one of main influencing mechanisms on the air pollutant concentrations.
Using meteorological data and horal pollutant concentrations data from 1 August 2001 to 31 July 2002, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of air pollutant concentrations and the influence of meteorological and non meteorological conditions on pollutant concentrations are analyzed. The results indicate that the air quality in Fuzhou is good, better in the summer half year than in the winter half year. The daily variations of air pollutants are obvious. The variations of air pollutant concentrations are correlated with meteorological conditions. Various meteorological factors affect air pollutant concentrations, but the linear correlation is not obvious. The human activity is one of main influencing mechanisms on the air pollutant concentrations.
2003, 31(6):361-365.
Abstract:
Large amount of observed facts and analyses show that meteorological conditions including pressure distribution, relative humidity (upper air dew point temperature), temperature, wind speed and the variation of atmospheric stability can affect obviouly the consistency and diffusion of air pollutants, such as PM 10 , SO 2 and NO 2, with some regularities. In different seasons and different time periods, the surface and upper air meteorological factors play different roles. On the other hand, because of the variation of pollution sources with seasons and the emitted pollutant amount cannot be obtained exactly.
Large amount of observed facts and analyses show that meteorological conditions including pressure distribution, relative humidity (upper air dew point temperature), temperature, wind speed and the variation of atmospheric stability can affect obviouly the consistency and diffusion of air pollutants, such as PM 10 , SO 2 and NO 2, with some regularities. In different seasons and different time periods, the surface and upper air meteorological factors play different roles. On the other hand, because of the variation of pollution sources with seasons and the emitted pollutant amount cannot be obtained exactly.
2003, 31(6):366-369.
Abstract:
The relationship between surface wind direction and air pollutant concentration in Shanghai is studied. The same trend in the distribution of the monthly mean concentrations is found as in the frequency of west winds (SSW NNW). The wind rose charts of mean PM 10 concentrations in different seasons are obtained. It indicates that high concentrations usually associate with west winds. Divided into winter half year and summer half year, the averages and standard deviations of the daily variations of pollutant concentrations along with the daily shifts of wind directions are recorded. The daily variations of concentrations increase to some extent when the wind directions shifting from non west to west or under continuous west wind. PM 10 concentration is more sensitive to the shifts of wind direction than those of SO 2 and NO 2.
The relationship between surface wind direction and air pollutant concentration in Shanghai is studied. The same trend in the distribution of the monthly mean concentrations is found as in the frequency of west winds (SSW NNW). The wind rose charts of mean PM 10 concentrations in different seasons are obtained. It indicates that high concentrations usually associate with west winds. Divided into winter half year and summer half year, the averages and standard deviations of the daily variations of pollutant concentrations along with the daily shifts of wind directions are recorded. The daily variations of concentrations increase to some extent when the wind directions shifting from non west to west or under continuous west wind. PM 10 concentration is more sensitive to the shifts of wind direction than those of SO 2 and NO 2.
2003, 31(6):370-372.
Abstract:
The differences and similarities are discussed among a series of formulas used for forecasting human comfort index, in which the comfort degree of feeling corresponding to the change of the environmental temperature is expressed by means of mathematical function. It is found that there are more than tens formulas used for forecasting human comfort degree, which are transformed from biological temperature indexes. The differences between them and their applicability are discussed and analyzed.
The differences and similarities are discussed among a series of formulas used for forecasting human comfort index, in which the comfort degree of feeling corresponding to the change of the environmental temperature is expressed by means of mathematical function. It is found that there are more than tens formulas used for forecasting human comfort degree, which are transformed from biological temperature indexes. The differences between them and their applicability are discussed and analyzed.
2003, 31(6):373-375.
Abstract:
根据国家有关规范中关于采暖气候条件的规定，通过对北京城、近郊5个气象台站近40年的气象资料的分析发现：①近年来采暖终日较传统终日有明显提前的趋势；②采暖期长度有缩短的趋势；③由于近年气候变暖，采暖强度明显减弱；④室外计算温度比现在采用的-9℃高1℃。
根据国家有关规范中关于采暖气候条件的规定，通过对北京城、近郊5个气象台站近40年的气象资料的分析发现：①近年来采暖终日较传统终日有明显提前的趋势；②采暖期长度有缩短的趋势；③由于近年气候变暖，采暖强度明显减弱；④室外计算温度比现在采用的-9℃高1℃。
2003, 31(6):376-380.
Abstract:
The main findings in medical meteorological researches on brain heart vascular syndrome in China since the 1980s are reviewed. The conclusions, advances and shortages of these researches are summarized and analyzed. Some suggestions and measures that can strengthen and improve this kind of researches are put forward.
The main findings in medical meteorological researches on brain heart vascular syndrome in China since the 1980s are reviewed. The conclusions, advances and shortages of these researches are summarized and analyzed. Some suggestions and measures that can strengthen and improve this kind of researches are put forward.
2003, 31(6):381-384.
Abstract:
By contrasting the cerebral haemorrhage incidence to meteorological data in Beijing and Shanghai areas, the total levels, seasonal variation features and yearly variation trends of the cerebral haemorrhage incidence are revealed. Considering the evolvement regularities of cerebral haemorrhage incidence and the possible influences of meteorological factors, the short climate predicting models, which possess both good fitting and predictive capabilities, were designed for the two areas. However, the precisions are different between the two models.
By contrasting the cerebral haemorrhage incidence to meteorological data in Beijing and Shanghai areas, the total levels, seasonal variation features and yearly variation trends of the cerebral haemorrhage incidence are revealed. Considering the evolvement regularities of cerebral haemorrhage incidence and the possible influences of meteorological factors, the short climate predicting models, which possess both good fitting and predictive capabilities, were designed for the two areas. However, the precisions are different between the two models.
2003, 31(6):385-388.
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of 37944 hospitalized breath disease case data of five big hospitals in Fuzhou and weather data at the same time, the relation between characteristics of breathing diseases and weather variation is summed up. By means of the optimized subset method, four forecast equations are established for four seasons. The results show that breathing diseases have obvious seasonal change; generally, July and March are two paroxysmal periods of breathing diseases; in winter, cold air and sudden weather changes are inducements of breathing disease increase, and in summer, high temperature and low atmospheric pressure are inducements of breathing disease increase.
Based on the analysis of 37944 hospitalized breath disease case data of five big hospitals in Fuzhou and weather data at the same time, the relation between characteristics of breathing diseases and weather variation is summed up. By means of the optimized subset method, four forecast equations are established for four seasons. The results show that breathing diseases have obvious seasonal change; generally, July and March are two paroxysmal periods of breathing diseases; in winter, cold air and sudden weather changes are inducements of breathing disease increase, and in summer, high temperature and low atmospheric pressure are inducements of breathing disease increase.
2003, 31(6):389-392396.
Abstract:
Analyses is made of the atmospheric environment variation during the flu rages in 1998 and 2000. The results indicate that such atmospheric environment variation as higher winter air temperature, fewer cold air activities, larger argument of temperature variation, fewer precipitation than previous year along with greater inter annual variation and uneven temporal distribution, and higher atmospheric soot content are related closely to flu occurrence. At the same time, using the 11 year diseases case history information and the multiple regression method, selecting three factors with distinct physical meaning, a prediction equation of flu is established.
Analyses is made of the atmospheric environment variation during the flu rages in 1998 and 2000. The results indicate that such atmospheric environment variation as higher winter air temperature, fewer cold air activities, larger argument of temperature variation, fewer precipitation than previous year along with greater inter annual variation and uneven temporal distribution, and higher atmospheric soot content are related closely to flu occurrence. At the same time, using the 11 year diseases case history information and the multiple regression method, selecting three factors with distinct physical meaning, a prediction equation of flu is established.
2003, 31(6):393-396.
Abstract:
The diseases of digestive system are studied and classified by means of statistical methods and meteorological and medical principles as well as clinical experiences. The diseases index forecast equations were built through stepwise regression. The results show that the equations built with complex meteorological factors are better than with the singular ones.
The diseases of digestive system are studied and classified by means of statistical methods and meteorological and medical principles as well as clinical experiences. The diseases index forecast equations were built through stepwise regression. The results show that the equations built with complex meteorological factors are better than with the singular ones.
17 Preliminary Investigation of Relationship Between Cardiovascular Diseases and Meteorological Factors
2003, 31(6):397-399.
Abstract:
A total of 250,000 people were investigated and 4001 cases of cardiovascular diseases from January 1994 to December 2000 in Beijing were analyzed. The results show that cardiovascular diseases are closely rela ted with relevant meteorological factors and seasons. The incidence of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) is higher in summer and that of hemorrhage is higher in spring and autumn. Low and high temperature, especially the violent variation of pressure and temperature may be important meteorological factors for cardiovascular diseases.
A total of 250,000 people were investigated and 4001 cases of cardiovascular diseases from January 1994 to December 2000 in Beijing were analyzed. The results show that cardiovascular diseases are closely rela ted with relevant meteorological factors and seasons. The incidence of Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) is higher in summer and that of hemorrhage is higher in spring and autumn. Low and high temperature, especially the violent variation of pressure and temperature may be important meteorological factors for cardiovascular diseases.
2003, 31(6):400-401.
Abstract:
Analysis is made of the relation of air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and precipitation to the incidence rate of Cholera from 1994 to 1998 in Xicheng District, Beijing,using the Spearman rank correlation method and the statistical package SPSS. The results indicate that there is significant positive correlation between the incidence rate and air temperature, nonsignificant correlation with atmospheric pressure and precipitation; the incidence rate of Cholera increases with air temperature. The significance test of the incidence rate and monthly average temperature supports the correlation of incidence rate and air temperature. It is concluded that meteorological impact is one of factors that affect the incidence rate of cholera.
Analysis is made of the relation of air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and precipitation to the incidence rate of Cholera from 1994 to 1998 in Xicheng District, Beijing,using the Spearman rank correlation method and the statistical package SPSS. The results indicate that there is significant positive correlation between the incidence rate and air temperature, nonsignificant correlation with atmospheric pressure and precipitation; the incidence rate of Cholera increases with air temperature. The significance test of the incidence rate and monthly average temperature supports the correlation of incidence rate and air temperature. It is concluded that meteorological impact is one of factors that affect the incidence rate of cholera.
2003, 31(6):402-405.
Abstract:
By analysis of the incidences of animal diseases of Beijing Zoo, the annual variation of incidences of various animal diseases and their inter annual variation trends are revealed. The correlation analysis between seasonal incidences of animal diseases and meteorological conditions shows that incidences of beasts diseases in winter and incidences of bird diseases in autumn have better correlation with the corresponding meteorological data. As a whole, the correlation between incidences of animal diseases in spring and summer with meteorological conditions is not apparent.
By analysis of the incidences of animal diseases of Beijing Zoo, the annual variation of incidences of various animal diseases and their inter annual variation trends are revealed. The correlation analysis between seasonal incidences of animal diseases and meteorological conditions shows that incidences of beasts diseases in winter and incidences of bird diseases in autumn have better correlation with the corresponding meteorological data. As a whole, the correlation between incidences of animal diseases in spring and summer with meteorological conditions is not apparent.
2003, 31(6):406-408.
Abstract:
The pollen amount in the Beijing urban area and weather conditions at the same time are analyzed. The result shows that the 10 days data of the pollen amount are closely related with the average temperture and humidity at the same time. The prediction formula of the pollen amount is given and objective quantitative reference data are provided for allergic people in cities.
The pollen amount in the Beijing urban area and weather conditions at the same time are analyzed. The result shows that the 10 days data of the pollen amount are closely related with the average temperture and humidity at the same time. The prediction formula of the pollen amount is given and objective quantitative reference data are provided for allergic people in cities.
2003, 31(6):409-412.
Abstract:
The storage and management of a huge quantity of meteorological data and information service are the bottlenecks of meteorological information processing. The details of the data structure, storage frame and data accessing method of the Metropolis Meteorological Information Service System are given. The results are useful for other meteorological application systems and management of similar scientific data.
The storage and management of a huge quantity of meteorological data and information service are the bottlenecks of meteorological information processing. The details of the data structure, storage frame and data accessing method of the Metropolis Meteorological Information Service System are given. The results are useful for other meteorological application systems and management of similar scientific data.
2003, 31(6):413-415.
Abstract:
An operational display system of air pollution forecast in Beijing is introduced. The system includes such parts as data processing, dynamic statistical forecast, numerical forecast and data collecting, processing, model running, forecast result displaying, forecast result handing out, data querying and effect verification. Menu technology is used and all these models can work properly. It can be used easily with its friendly interface and strong function. The system performed well in application.
An operational display system of air pollution forecast in Beijing is introduced. The system includes such parts as data processing, dynamic statistical forecast, numerical forecast and data collecting, processing, model running, forecast result displaying, forecast result handing out, data querying and effect verification. Menu technology is used and all these models can work properly. It can be used easily with its friendly interface and strong function. The system performed well in application.
External LinksChina Meteorological AdministrationCMA Meteorological Observation CentreChinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing Meteorological ServiceNational Satellite Meteorological Center
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Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.