Volume 32,Issue 3,2004 Table of Contents
2004, 32(3):137-142.
Abstract:
Main research achievements in recent ten years on precipitation (humidity) variation in last 2000 years in West China are presented by means of various kinds of paleoclimatic proxy records, which include ice cores, lacustrine sediment, loess sediment, tree rings and speleothern. The precipitation (humidity) climatic series in West China from proxy records are summarized, and the methods to build climatic series and their resolutions are introduced in detail.
Main research achievements in recent ten years on precipitation (humidity) variation in last 2000 years in West China are presented by means of various kinds of paleoclimatic proxy records, which include ice cores, lacustrine sediment, loess sediment, tree rings and speleothern. The precipitation (humidity) climatic series in West China from proxy records are summarized, and the methods to build climatic series and their resolutions are introduced in detail.
2004, 32(3):143-148.
Abstract:
Currently, the main task of the researches on impacts of ozone on crops is how to build effective models. These models are used to evaluate and forecast the loss of crop yields and agriculture caused by ozone. The researches on models of the impacts of ozone on crops in recent years are introduced. The models can be divided into three types: statistical models, photochemical models and mechanism models. In order to overcome the limitation of the existing models, the future models of ozone impacts on crops should be modularized and general and the comprehensive models will be established. At last, the development trends of the related studies in China are discussed.
Currently, the main task of the researches on impacts of ozone on crops is how to build effective models. These models are used to evaluate and forecast the loss of crop yields and agriculture caused by ozone. The researches on models of the impacts of ozone on crops in recent years are introduced. The models can be divided into three types: statistical models, photochemical models and mechanism models. In order to overcome the limitation of the existing models, the future models of ozone impacts on crops should be modularized and general and the comprehensive models will be established. At last, the development trends of the related studies in China are discussed.
2004, 32(3):149-154.
Abstract:
Based on various precipitation retrieval methods, an induction was conducted on several precipitation retrieval algorithms using SSM/I and TMI data. A brief introduction to precipitation retrieval algorithms is made according to two procedures: the underlying surface check and precipitation retrieval algorithms.The discussion is given according to four categories: empirical, semi empirical (semi physical), physical model, and physical profile methods.
Based on various precipitation retrieval methods, an induction was conducted on several precipitation retrieval algorithms using SSM/I and TMI data. A brief introduction to precipitation retrieval algorithms is made according to two procedures: the underlying surface check and precipitation retrieval algorithms.The discussion is given according to four categories: empirical, semi empirical (semi physical), physical model, and physical profile methods.
4 Study of Kinetic Energy Budget Before and after Onset of Summer Monsoon over South China Sea in 1998
2004, 32(3):155-162.
Abstract:
Using the data from the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) in 1998 and the regional kinetic energy budget equation, the budgets of the total and turbulent kinetic energy were calculated before and after the onset of monsoon over the southern and northern South China Seas respectively. The results show that the kinetic energy over the northern part mainly formed at the upper levels and dissipated by friction, while the kinetic energy over the southern part mainly dissipated at the upper levels and the friction acts as the sources of kinetic energy. The turbulent kinetic energy was also chiefly produced at the upper levels. The kinetic energy was transported to adjoining areas during this period.
Using the data from the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) in 1998 and the regional kinetic energy budget equation, the budgets of the total and turbulent kinetic energy were calculated before and after the onset of monsoon over the southern and northern South China Seas respectively. The results show that the kinetic energy over the northern part mainly formed at the upper levels and dissipated by friction, while the kinetic energy over the southern part mainly dissipated at the upper levels and the friction acts as the sources of kinetic energy. The turbulent kinetic energy was also chiefly produced at the upper levels. The kinetic energy was transported to adjoining areas during this period.
2004, 32(3):163-167.
Abstract:
Based on the 533 year dryness and wetness grades series, the Moving Cumulative Frequency Method (MCFM) was developed, and a moving average precipitation field series from 1499 to 2002 was reconstructed. The results show that there is good relationship between the reconstructed series and the primitive 49 year observation precipitation series, their relative root mean square errors are below 1 89%; and the reconstructed series has a nonlinear relation to the dryness and wetness grades series. It means that the reconstructed series is reliable. The reconstruction of the moving average precipitation field series laid a foundation for researching the regularities of drought and flood evolution.
Based on the 533 year dryness and wetness grades series, the Moving Cumulative Frequency Method (MCFM) was developed, and a moving average precipitation field series from 1499 to 2002 was reconstructed. The results show that there is good relationship between the reconstructed series and the primitive 49 year observation precipitation series, their relative root mean square errors are below 1 89%; and the reconstructed series has a nonlinear relation to the dryness and wetness grades series. It means that the reconstructed series is reliable. The reconstruction of the moving average precipitation field series laid a foundation for researching the regularities of drought and flood evolution.
2004, 32(3):168-172.
Abstract:
The dimension reducing processing was conducted by means of the EOF method on a number of the environmental field and series periodic factors with definite physical meanings.In collaboration with the artificial neural network (ANN) scheme,a qualitative forecast model for the annual frequency of tropical cyclones and summer (June to August) rainfall affecting Guangxi was worked out.The results indicate that this model has a better qualitative capability of predicting the annual frequecy of tropical cyclones and sumer rainfall over Guangxi and can be taken as an auxiliary operational short term climate prediction technique.
The dimension reducing processing was conducted by means of the EOF method on a number of the environmental field and series periodic factors with definite physical meanings.In collaboration with the artificial neural network (ANN) scheme,a qualitative forecast model for the annual frequency of tropical cyclones and summer (June to August) rainfall affecting Guangxi was worked out.The results indicate that this model has a better qualitative capability of predicting the annual frequecy of tropical cyclones and sumer rainfall over Guangxi and can be taken as an auxiliary operational short term climate prediction technique.
2004, 32(3):173-176.
Abstract:
Considering that the atmosphere system is a very complex non linear system and the traditional statistical forecasting method often lays particular emphasis on pure statistical data processing without considering the physical and dynamic characteristics, the phase space method is proposed to make monthly precipitation forecasting. Experiment indicates that the relevant precision of monthly precipitation anomaly prediction using the method is up to 63 8%.
Considering that the atmosphere system is a very complex non linear system and the traditional statistical forecasting method often lays particular emphasis on pure statistical data processing without considering the physical and dynamic characteristics, the phase space method is proposed to make monthly precipitation forecasting. Experiment indicates that the relevant precision of monthly precipitation anomaly prediction using the method is up to 63 8%.
2004, 32(3):177-181.
Abstract:
An analysis is made of the temporal frequency structure of monthly SSTA anomaly series in El Nino areas and monthly SOI anomaly series and monthly temperature anomaly series in Henan Province during the last 50 years using the Wavelet and Cross Wavelet Transform analysis techniques. The results show that there are multi scale periods in the anomaly series of SSTA and SOI as well as monthly temperature in Henan, which have various intensities, and the multi scale temperature variations in Henan Province are related to ENSO oscillation processes.
An analysis is made of the temporal frequency structure of monthly SSTA anomaly series in El Nino areas and monthly SOI anomaly series and monthly temperature anomaly series in Henan Province during the last 50 years using the Wavelet and Cross Wavelet Transform analysis techniques. The results show that there are multi scale periods in the anomaly series of SSTA and SOI as well as monthly temperature in Henan, which have various intensities, and the multi scale temperature variations in Henan Province are related to ENSO oscillation processes.
2004, 32(3):182-186.
Abstract:
With REOF,9 point binomial filter,accumulative anomaly and composite analysis methods,the inter decadal variation,abnormal spatial features,and temporal evolution regularities of extreme high temperature in summer in Shandong Province and its relation with the East Pacific SSTA were studied in detail.Some results are obtained:from 1950s to 1990s,extreme high temperature in summer dropped in most parts of Shandong with the lowest in 1980s,then an increase in the 1990s, a transition from high to low from the end of 1960s to the early 1970s; anomaly occurs frequently in the northwest and southwest parts,Linyi and the peninsula of Shandong Province relatively.There is apparent negative correlation between Shandong and East Pacific SST extreme high temperatures.
With REOF,9 point binomial filter,accumulative anomaly and composite analysis methods,the inter decadal variation,abnormal spatial features,and temporal evolution regularities of extreme high temperature in summer in Shandong Province and its relation with the East Pacific SSTA were studied in detail.Some results are obtained:from 1950s to 1990s,extreme high temperature in summer dropped in most parts of Shandong with the lowest in 1980s,then an increase in the 1990s, a transition from high to low from the end of 1960s to the early 1970s; anomaly occurs frequently in the northwest and southwest parts,Linyi and the peninsula of Shandong Province relatively.There is apparent negative correlation between Shandong and East Pacific SST extreme high temperatures.
2004, 32(3):187-190.
Abstract:
The relation between drought and sustainable development is discussed and the situation of drought stricken areas and drought damage since the 1990s across China and climate resources associated with droughts are introduced. Analysis indicates that in the arid regions, relatively efficient and effective techniques of drought prevention and disaster reduction include improving ecological environment, optimizing agricultural structure and making good use of air moisture resources with great efforts.
The relation between drought and sustainable development is discussed and the situation of drought stricken areas and drought damage since the 1990s across China and climate resources associated with droughts are introduced. Analysis indicates that in the arid regions, relatively efficient and effective techniques of drought prevention and disaster reduction include improving ecological environment, optimizing agricultural structure and making good use of air moisture resources with great efforts.
2004, 32(3):191-194.
Abstract:
利用潍坊地区不同地理位置的 4测站观测资料 ,分析了 1 96 0～ 1 999年 (4 0年 )潍坊地区初、终雷暴日各地域的差异和变化趋势。结果表明 :初雷暴日 4 0年提前了 8天 ,终雷暴日变化趋势呈抛物线型 ;雷暴期各地域不同 ,基本规律是 :寿光 >青州 >诸城 >潍坊 ;雷暴日的年均频数寿光 2 8 0天 ,青州 2 7 5天 ,诸城 2 6 5天 ,潍坊 2 6 3天 ,平均倾向率每 1 0年 - 1 2天 ;雷暴频数的月分布呈单峰形 ,前半夏沿海大于山区 ,后半夏山区大于沿海 ;候平均气温上升 (下降 )稳定通过 8℃ ,是初雷暴日 (终雷暴日 )的温度阈值
利用潍坊地区不同地理位置的 4测站观测资料 ,分析了 1 96 0～ 1 999年 (4 0年 )潍坊地区初、终雷暴日各地域的差异和变化趋势。结果表明 :初雷暴日 4 0年提前了 8天 ,终雷暴日变化趋势呈抛物线型 ;雷暴期各地域不同 ,基本规律是 :寿光 >青州 >诸城 >潍坊 ;雷暴日的年均频数寿光 2 8 0天 ,青州 2 7 5天 ,诸城 2 6 5天 ,潍坊 2 6 3天 ,平均倾向率每 1 0年 - 1 2天 ;雷暴频数的月分布呈单峰形 ,前半夏沿海大于山区 ,后半夏山区大于沿海 ;候平均气温上升 (下降 )稳定通过 8℃ ,是初雷暴日 (终雷暴日 )的温度阈值
2004, 32(3):195-197.
Abstract:
Based on the velocity and intensity field data from CINRAD WSR 98D weather radar, an analysis was made of the squall lines on 5 April 2002 in conjunction with the radiosonde data and 500 hPa and surface weather data at the same day. Results indicate that there were obvious characteristics in the surface and upper level weather patterns and in stratification stability, as well as in Doppler radar echoes during the formation and development periods of the squall lines.
Based on the velocity and intensity field data from CINRAD WSR 98D weather radar, an analysis was made of the squall lines on 5 April 2002 in conjunction with the radiosonde data and 500 hPa and surface weather data at the same day. Results indicate that there were obvious characteristics in the surface and upper level weather patterns and in stratification stability, as well as in Doppler radar echoes during the formation and development periods of the squall lines.
2004, 32(3):198.
Abstract:
It is important to get satellite coordinates continually in GPS positioning. Real time satellite coordinates can be gained according to broadcast ephemeris received. A great deal of memory is required in order to get satellite coordinates. The Chebyshev polynomial was applied to fit satellite coordinates of the broadcast ephemeris to realize satellite orbit standardization. The precision in fitting satellite coordinates of broadcast ephemeris by the Chebyshev polynomial and the rational choice of polynomial orders of and time intervals are analyzed. Some meaningful conclusions are made.
It is important to get satellite coordinates continually in GPS positioning. Real time satellite coordinates can be gained according to broadcast ephemeris received. A great deal of memory is required in order to get satellite coordinates. The Chebyshev polynomial was applied to fit satellite coordinates of the broadcast ephemeris to realize satellite orbit standardization. The precision in fitting satellite coordinates of broadcast ephemeris by the Chebyshev polynomial and the rational choice of polynomial orders of and time intervals are analyzed. Some meaningful conclusions are made.
External LinksChina Meteorological AdministrationCMA Meteorological Observation CentreChinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing Meteorological ServiceNational Satellite Meteorological Center
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Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.