Volume 34,Issue 2,2006 Table of Contents
2006, 34(2):119-123.
Abstract:
Helicity is a physical parameter describing the rotation movement along the air flow on the environmental wind field and the intensity of movement, can reflect and be used to describe the nature and features of atmospheric circulation. A review is made on the development in theoretical helicity researches and its application from the aspects of the expanding of application domain, the improvement of helicity theory, and the shortages and problems in application. The analysis results show that there exits close relation between helicity and torrential rain processes. The high helicity might be one of mechanisms for rain storm development, and the variation of helicity intensity gives a good clue to torrential rain occurrence. The prospects of helicity research and application are discussed.
Helicity is a physical parameter describing the rotation movement along the air flow on the environmental wind field and the intensity of movement, can reflect and be used to describe the nature and features of atmospheric circulation. A review is made on the development in theoretical helicity researches and its application from the aspects of the expanding of application domain, the improvement of helicity theory, and the shortages and problems in application. The analysis results show that there exits close relation between helicity and torrential rain processes. The high helicity might be one of mechanisms for rain storm development, and the variation of helicity intensity gives a good clue to torrential rain occurrence. The prospects of helicity research and application are discussed.
2006, 34(2):124-131.
Abstract:
By using the products of ECMWF,T213,T106,and various physical parameter fields,the large-scale conditions for mesoscale system occurring and the statistical occurrence probability of mesoscale systems are discussed.The contrast analysis is conducted between the severe convective weather models that have been summed up by the Wuhan Central Meteorological Office and the circulation patterns from numerical weather prediction(NWP) products.When the NWP forecast circulation according with the severe convection weather model,the mesoscale weather would be resulted from the large scale conditions.The diagnostic analysis is made of the relative physical factors of the numerical forecasting products.If the results show that the mesoscale circulation is favorable to the occurrence of mesoscale weather,then the raining areas and the precipitation characteristics of the severe convection weather system are diagnosed and analyzed.Meanwhile,the AREM mesoscale model products are used to diagnose and analyze the weather process of 21 July 2002,and good results are received.
By using the products of ECMWF,T213,T106,and various physical parameter fields,the large-scale conditions for mesoscale system occurring and the statistical occurrence probability of mesoscale systems are discussed.The contrast analysis is conducted between the severe convective weather models that have been summed up by the Wuhan Central Meteorological Office and the circulation patterns from numerical weather prediction(NWP) products.When the NWP forecast circulation according with the severe convection weather model,the mesoscale weather would be resulted from the large scale conditions.The diagnostic analysis is made of the relative physical factors of the numerical forecasting products.If the results show that the mesoscale circulation is favorable to the occurrence of mesoscale weather,then the raining areas and the precipitation characteristics of the severe convection weather system are diagnosed and analyzed.Meanwhile,the AREM mesoscale model products are used to diagnose and analyze the weather process of 21 July 2002,and good results are received.
2006, 34(2):132-137.
Abstract:
通过分析近几年影响和登陆福建省的热带气旋区域暴雨过程的T106部分物理量场的分布特征,发现其中的k指数、比湿q、涡度ζ和垂直速度ω场对预报福建省热带气旋区域暴雨有较好的指示意义,它们分别反映了产生暴雨所必须的水汽、不稳定能量和辐合上升运动等基本条件.为了提高暴雨落区预报的效果,提出以动态方式确定物理量临界值的方法作热带气旋暴雨落区预报.通过对1995～2001年7～10月的144个个例T106物理量场的普查和统计分析,得到福建省热带气旋区域暴雨预报的着眼点和物理量诊断模型,建立了应用T213数值预报模式输出的物理量预报场,以动态方式确定物理量临界值,作为福建省热带气旋区域暴雨落区预报的完全预报（PP）方法.
通过分析近几年影响和登陆福建省的热带气旋区域暴雨过程的T106部分物理量场的分布特征,发现其中的k指数、比湿q、涡度ζ和垂直速度ω场对预报福建省热带气旋区域暴雨有较好的指示意义,它们分别反映了产生暴雨所必须的水汽、不稳定能量和辐合上升运动等基本条件.为了提高暴雨落区预报的效果,提出以动态方式确定物理量临界值的方法作热带气旋暴雨落区预报.通过对1995～2001年7～10月的144个个例T106物理量场的普查和统计分析,得到福建省热带气旋区域暴雨预报的着眼点和物理量诊断模型,建立了应用T213数值预报模式输出的物理量预报场,以动态方式确定物理量临界值,作为福建省热带气旋区域暴雨落区预报的完全预报（PP）方法.
2006, 34(2):138-142.
Abstract:
利用卫星云图资料结合热带风场的变化,采用分级客观定量的计算方法,得到影响关键区内的云系像素值大小和云顶亮温.同时,结合该关键区内热带风场的变化,对云系是否影响广西进行预测,判断其对暴雨范围、强度、持续时间的影响程度,从而作出暴雨过程的预报.经过对1996～2002年4～9月169例暴雨个例的资料统计分析表明：在广西大范围暴雨过程中80%的云系叠加在西南风急流之上.云顶亮温在-70℃以下的云系像素值达到500时,就有大范围暴雨天气过程的可能.此结果应用到日常预报业务中,对提高暴雨预报准确率有较大帮助.
利用卫星云图资料结合热带风场的变化,采用分级客观定量的计算方法,得到影响关键区内的云系像素值大小和云顶亮温.同时,结合该关键区内热带风场的变化,对云系是否影响广西进行预测,判断其对暴雨范围、强度、持续时间的影响程度,从而作出暴雨过程的预报.经过对1996～2002年4～9月169例暴雨个例的资料统计分析表明：在广西大范围暴雨过程中80%的云系叠加在西南风急流之上.云顶亮温在-70℃以下的云系像素值达到500时,就有大范围暴雨天气过程的可能.此结果应用到日常预报业务中,对提高暴雨预报准确率有较大帮助.
2006, 34(2):143-146.
Abstract:
By means of the hour-to-hour MM5-predicted basic element fields and physical-quantity diagnostic fields,as well as the recording humidity data of 25 stations over Ningxia Autonomous Region from May to September 2003,predictions are made of the 48-hour hour-to-hour relative humidity of 25 stations in Ningxia from May to September using the multiple linear and successive regression MOS methods.Verification of the forecasts is conducted for summer(June to August) 2004.The results indicate that to make the 48-hour hour-to-hour relative humidity forecast by means of the two MOS methods is feasible,and the results are of reference significance.The forecasts resulted from the two methods are very close;the one from successive regression is slightly better than that from multiple linear.The forecast error is obviously lower at 08:00 than that at 20:00.The MOS-predicted results are stable while the weather situation is stable with a mean absolute error of about 10%;the forecast error fluctuates greatly while there are obvious weather changes such as temperature change.
By means of the hour-to-hour MM5-predicted basic element fields and physical-quantity diagnostic fields,as well as the recording humidity data of 25 stations over Ningxia Autonomous Region from May to September 2003,predictions are made of the 48-hour hour-to-hour relative humidity of 25 stations in Ningxia from May to September using the multiple linear and successive regression MOS methods.Verification of the forecasts is conducted for summer(June to August) 2004.The results indicate that to make the 48-hour hour-to-hour relative humidity forecast by means of the two MOS methods is feasible,and the results are of reference significance.The forecasts resulted from the two methods are very close;the one from successive regression is slightly better than that from multiple linear.The forecast error is obviously lower at 08:00 than that at 20:00.The MOS-predicted results are stable while the weather situation is stable with a mean absolute error of about 10%;the forecast error fluctuates greatly while there are obvious weather changes such as temperature change.
Jing Xueyi
,
Guo Jialin
,
Zhang Jie
,
Wang Yongbo
,
Zhang Xuemei
,
Ji Juzhi
,
Fang Lijuan
,
Wang Yanqiu
2006, 34(2):147-150179.
Abstract:
Using the lowest water level data of the mainstream of Songhua River from 1949 to 2003 at Harbin, an analysis is made of the causes and variation regularities of low-level water for the typical low water-level years, the correlation between the water levels of Songhua River and the rainfall of Songhua River, Nenjiang River, etc., and the relation with La Nina, El Nino, sunspot activities, etc. Based on the total areal rainfall of the Songhua River, Nenjiang River, and the second Songhua River from July to November and the highest water level of the Songhua River mainstream of the previous year at Harbin, the lowest water levels of the Songhua River at Harbin from 2004 to 2013 are predicted. Utilizing the periodical analysis of variance and the method of mean generation function, predictions are made of La Nina, El Nino, sunspots and the monthly mean areal rainfall over the Songhua River, Nenjiang River, and the second Songhua River regions from 2004 to 2013. Hereby, the lowest water level predictions of Songhua River at Harbin from 2004 to 2013 are revised.
Using the lowest water level data of the mainstream of Songhua River from 1949 to 2003 at Harbin, an analysis is made of the causes and variation regularities of low-level water for the typical low water-level years, the correlation between the water levels of Songhua River and the rainfall of Songhua River, Nenjiang River, etc., and the relation with La Nina, El Nino, sunspot activities, etc. Based on the total areal rainfall of the Songhua River, Nenjiang River, and the second Songhua River from July to November and the highest water level of the Songhua River mainstream of the previous year at Harbin, the lowest water levels of the Songhua River at Harbin from 2004 to 2013 are predicted. Utilizing the periodical analysis of variance and the method of mean generation function, predictions are made of La Nina, El Nino, sunspots and the monthly mean areal rainfall over the Songhua River, Nenjiang River, and the second Songhua River regions from 2004 to 2013. Hereby, the lowest water level predictions of Songhua River at Harbin from 2004 to 2013 are revised.
2006, 34(2):151-156.
Abstract:
An analysis of the convection cloud cluster variation over the Bengal Bay and the features of circulation at both high- and low-level atmosphere during heavy rain processes in Guangxi occurred from May to July, 1980 to 2002 is made. The results shows that convective cloud clusters on the Bengal Bay develop most strongly when there occurs heavy rainfall over Guangxi three days ago. Leading by the 500 hPa Bengal Bay though, the Bengal Bay convective cloud clusters climb up the Indo-China Peninsula and come into Guangxi. When the Bengal Bay convective cloud clusters join the convective cloud clusters moved from the Tibetan Plateau, the clusters develop strongly again, then resulting in heavy rainfall around Guangxi. Analysis of the height and wind flow pattern at 200 hPa shows that the Bengal Bay, the Indo-China peninsula, and Guangxi are under the control of the SouthAsia High during heavy rainfall over Guangxi. Analysis of the distribution of the vapor flux vectors at 850 hPa shows that there is a water vapor transmitting belt from the Bengal Bay to Guangxi, and the Bengal Bay is the vapor sources of heavy rainfall over Guangxi.
An analysis of the convection cloud cluster variation over the Bengal Bay and the features of circulation at both high- and low-level atmosphere during heavy rain processes in Guangxi occurred from May to July, 1980 to 2002 is made. The results shows that convective cloud clusters on the Bengal Bay develop most strongly when there occurs heavy rainfall over Guangxi three days ago. Leading by the 500 hPa Bengal Bay though, the Bengal Bay convective cloud clusters climb up the Indo-China Peninsula and come into Guangxi. When the Bengal Bay convective cloud clusters join the convective cloud clusters moved from the Tibetan Plateau, the clusters develop strongly again, then resulting in heavy rainfall around Guangxi. Analysis of the height and wind flow pattern at 200 hPa shows that the Bengal Bay, the Indo-China peninsula, and Guangxi are under the control of the SouthAsia High during heavy rainfall over Guangxi. Analysis of the distribution of the vapor flux vectors at 850 hPa shows that there is a water vapor transmitting belt from the Bengal Bay to Guangxi, and the Bengal Bay is the vapor sources of heavy rainfall over Guangxi.
2006, 34(2):157-161.
Abstract:
By means of the monthly mean height data at 500 hPa from 1951 to 2003 over the Northern Hemisphere,a contrast analysis is made of the difference in the large-scale atmospheric circulation between the years with more-than-normal high temperature days and the years with less-than-normal high temperature days in Guangxi Autcnomous Region.It is found that the anomalous geopotential height fields at 500 hPa between more-than-normal and less-than-normal high temperature years are evidently different.From the Aleutian Islands in the North Pacific Ocean to the subtropical zone,there exist contrary distributions of the north-south anomaly in spring, winter,and in the pre-flood period.In midsummer,the areas from Ural to Baikal and from the Bay of Bengal to the southwestern China have positive anomaly in more-than-normal years,and have negative anomaly in less-than-normal high temperature years.The canonical correlation analysis indicates that there is close relation between the geopotential height field at 500 hPa in midsummer(July to August) and those of previous January and April to June.There is autocorrelation in the intencity distribution of the upper trough and ridge and the change of large-scale weather systems such as the West Pacific Subtropical High,which can explain the fact that the anomalies of the large-scale circulation result in the formation of high temperature weather.
By means of the monthly mean height data at 500 hPa from 1951 to 2003 over the Northern Hemisphere,a contrast analysis is made of the difference in the large-scale atmospheric circulation between the years with more-than-normal high temperature days and the years with less-than-normal high temperature days in Guangxi Autcnomous Region.It is found that the anomalous geopotential height fields at 500 hPa between more-than-normal and less-than-normal high temperature years are evidently different.From the Aleutian Islands in the North Pacific Ocean to the subtropical zone,there exist contrary distributions of the north-south anomaly in spring, winter,and in the pre-flood period.In midsummer,the areas from Ural to Baikal and from the Bay of Bengal to the southwestern China have positive anomaly in more-than-normal years,and have negative anomaly in less-than-normal high temperature years.The canonical correlation analysis indicates that there is close relation between the geopotential height field at 500 hPa in midsummer(July to August) and those of previous January and April to June.There is autocorrelation in the intencity distribution of the upper trough and ridge and the change of large-scale weather systems such as the West Pacific Subtropical High,which can explain the fact that the anomalies of the large-scale circulation result in the formation of high temperature weather.
2006, 34(2):162-165.
Abstract:
In order to build the Objective Forecast System of Heavy Fog for Sichuan Basin, an analysis is made of the formation causes of heavy fogs over the Sichuan Basin by means of both synoptic and statistic methods. The results show that, fogs occur much more frequent in the Sichuan Basin than in other places, which is closely related to high humidity in the surface layer resulted from the geographic surroundings. The contributors to heavy fogs in the Sichuan Basin include stratification stability, weak wind, and quasi saturation in the surface layer. The key step to forecast heavy fogs is to determine the occurrence probability of rainfall and the intensity of radiation cooling.
In order to build the Objective Forecast System of Heavy Fog for Sichuan Basin, an analysis is made of the formation causes of heavy fogs over the Sichuan Basin by means of both synoptic and statistic methods. The results show that, fogs occur much more frequent in the Sichuan Basin than in other places, which is closely related to high humidity in the surface layer resulted from the geographic surroundings. The contributors to heavy fogs in the Sichuan Basin include stratification stability, weak wind, and quasi saturation in the surface layer. The key step to forecast heavy fogs is to determine the occurrence probability of rainfall and the intensity of radiation cooling.
2006, 34(2):166-169.
Abstract:
A detailed statistical analysis is made of the hour-to-hour temperature, wind speed, relative humidity data, etc, from the Zhalong wetland ecological meteorological station and Qiqihar meteorological automatic station from June to August 2004. The differences of the meteorological elements at different times between different underlying surfaces are found. The evidence shows that differences exist in the monthly mean wind speed, temperature, dew-point temperature, relative humidity, and surface temperature, and that the variation amplitude and the occurrence time of extreme values vary. The difference between different underlying surfaces only helps increase or decrease the daily variation amplitude of the elements. The findings contribute to the further understanding of weather variation regularities and are of referential significance in the fine forecasting of meteorological elements in the Zhalong wetland and the exploitation, conservation, and management of wetland resources in future.
A detailed statistical analysis is made of the hour-to-hour temperature, wind speed, relative humidity data, etc, from the Zhalong wetland ecological meteorological station and Qiqihar meteorological automatic station from June to August 2004. The differences of the meteorological elements at different times between different underlying surfaces are found. The evidence shows that differences exist in the monthly mean wind speed, temperature, dew-point temperature, relative humidity, and surface temperature, and that the variation amplitude and the occurrence time of extreme values vary. The difference between different underlying surfaces only helps increase or decrease the daily variation amplitude of the elements. The findings contribute to the further understanding of weather variation regularities and are of referential significance in the fine forecasting of meteorological elements in the Zhalong wetland and the exploitation, conservation, and management of wetland resources in future.
2006, 34(2):170-174.
Abstract:
The diagnose and calculation of synoptic large-scale condensation function precipitation and moisture flux divergence are conducted on the isentropic coordinates system with the re-analysis data of T213 L31 model atmosphere.Meanwhile,the ideal design and diagnostic analysis are made of the covection-unstable precipitation for the entire layer and the wet instability for air parcels(mass).The calculation and analysis of the Meiyu-front heavy rainfall over the Changjiang-Huaihe region in July 2003 indicates that the rainfall amounts leading from both types of synoptic scale precipitation movements(condensation function and moisture flux divergence) are not large enough to form heavy rain;the moist air-layer convective precipitation movement may induce heavy rain but not rain gust;only the air-mass wet-instability precipitation movement is strong enough to cause the self-organized and positive-feedback rain gust.It is made known that although there are above-mentioned two large-scale precipitation movements on the Meiyu front in the Changjiang-Huaihe basin in July 2003,the highly moist air masses(precipitable water) maintain long time and transport rapidly,leading to the occurrence of non-isentropic saturation-adiabatic motions and the convection-unstable precipitation of the moist air layer and the air-mass instability precipitation,which are the synoptic causes of the heavy rain event.
The diagnose and calculation of synoptic large-scale condensation function precipitation and moisture flux divergence are conducted on the isentropic coordinates system with the re-analysis data of T213 L31 model atmosphere.Meanwhile,the ideal design and diagnostic analysis are made of the covection-unstable precipitation for the entire layer and the wet instability for air parcels(mass).The calculation and analysis of the Meiyu-front heavy rainfall over the Changjiang-Huaihe region in July 2003 indicates that the rainfall amounts leading from both types of synoptic scale precipitation movements(condensation function and moisture flux divergence) are not large enough to form heavy rain;the moist air-layer convective precipitation movement may induce heavy rain but not rain gust;only the air-mass wet-instability precipitation movement is strong enough to cause the self-organized and positive-feedback rain gust.It is made known that although there are above-mentioned two large-scale precipitation movements on the Meiyu front in the Changjiang-Huaihe basin in July 2003,the highly moist air masses(precipitable water) maintain long time and transport rapidly,leading to the occurrence of non-isentropic saturation-adiabatic motions and the convection-unstable precipitation of the moist air layer and the air-mass instability precipitation,which are the synoptic causes of the heavy rain event.
2006, 34(2):175-179.
Abstract:
MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) has been widely noticed.It has relation with,but is different from NOAA/AVHRR NDVI.Using EOS/MODIS and NOAA/AVHRR data on the same day,the calculation of mean NDVI at county-level is conducted,and the computing method and the results are introduced.The application of the Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI) in Shaanxi Province is discussed.Results of analysis show that although there is difference between MODIS NDVI and NOAA/AVHRR NDVI,they both can reflect the spatial distribution and the temporal variation of the vegetation.The MODIS EVI is more sensitive to the variation of vegetation conditions and can improve the precision of quantitative analysis,thus having good application potentials.
MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) has been widely noticed.It has relation with,but is different from NOAA/AVHRR NDVI.Using EOS/MODIS and NOAA/AVHRR data on the same day,the calculation of mean NDVI at county-level is conducted,and the computing method and the results are introduced.The application of the Enhanced Vegetation Index(EVI) in Shaanxi Province is discussed.Results of analysis show that although there is difference between MODIS NDVI and NOAA/AVHRR NDVI,they both can reflect the spatial distribution and the temporal variation of the vegetation.The MODIS EVI is more sensitive to the variation of vegetation conditions and can improve the precision of quantitative analysis,thus having good application potentials.
2006, 34(2):180-183.
Abstract:
The upstream flood water is the major risk factor of reservoir risk scheduling. According to the principles of disaster risk analysis, the risk of weather forecasting service for reservoir dispatching is analyzed. The results indicate that the veracity of precipitation forecast and stream modulus are the major risk factors of forecasting service for reservoir dispatching. An practical risk analysis model is thus built. The model was used in the forecasting service for reservoir dispatching during the attack of typhoon Sinlaku, and the economical benefit is calculated. The model has proved useful for the decision-making of water conservancy.
The upstream flood water is the major risk factor of reservoir risk scheduling. According to the principles of disaster risk analysis, the risk of weather forecasting service for reservoir dispatching is analyzed. The results indicate that the veracity of precipitation forecast and stream modulus are the major risk factors of forecasting service for reservoir dispatching. An practical risk analysis model is thus built. The model was used in the forecasting service for reservoir dispatching during the attack of typhoon Sinlaku, and the economical benefit is calculated. The model has proved useful for the decision-making of water conservancy.
2006, 34(2):184-187.
Abstract:
A brief introduction is made of two kinds of networking modes, and the background and status, as well as the significance in improving the density, automation, and precision of the surface meteorological observation network of two networking modes, are analyzed. Based on the application of two kinds of networking modes in Jiangxi Province in 2004, some discussions are made on the construction of the Integrated Automatic Meteorological Station Sounding Network and the assimilation of various sounding data as reanalyzed meteorological fields to provide service for numerical prediction models and the monitoring and warning of mesoscale severe convective weather.
A brief introduction is made of two kinds of networking modes, and the background and status, as well as the significance in improving the density, automation, and precision of the surface meteorological observation network of two networking modes, are analyzed. Based on the application of two kinds of networking modes in Jiangxi Province in 2004, some discussions are made on the construction of the Integrated Automatic Meteorological Station Sounding Network and the assimilation of various sounding data as reanalyzed meteorological fields to provide service for numerical prediction models and the monitoring and warning of mesoscale severe convective weather.
2006, 34(2):188-193.
Abstract:
In the light of the difference of microphysical characteristics between fogs and clouds, the spectrum characteristics of MODIS Channel 1, 6, 20, and 31 are simulated by utilizing the SBDART radiative transfer model. The results indicate that the measurements of these four channels all contain information of clouds and fogs and can be used to detect daytime fogs. A monitoring algorithm based on the simulations is presented and demonstrated by analyzing a fog case. The analysis shows that the monitoring method can improve the capability of daytime heavy fog and low cloud monitoring through satellites.
In the light of the difference of microphysical characteristics between fogs and clouds, the spectrum characteristics of MODIS Channel 1, 6, 20, and 31 are simulated by utilizing the SBDART radiative transfer model. The results indicate that the measurements of these four channels all contain information of clouds and fogs and can be used to detect daytime fogs. A monitoring algorithm based on the simulations is presented and demonstrated by analyzing a fog case. The analysis shows that the monitoring method can improve the capability of daytime heavy fog and low cloud monitoring through satellites.
2006, 34(2):194-196.
Abstract:
在几何光学范畴内得出雨滴散射光平行与垂直振动强度和偏振度表达式,计算了波长为0.5847μm的雨滴散射光偏振分布。结果表明:散射角在55°~75°范围内,为明显的折射式偏振区,偏振度在0.2~0.3之间;散射角为82°~100°时,是强反射式偏振区,偏振度在0.8以上,最高达0.95;散射角100°~142°时,偏振度变化迅速,形成了尖锐的凹点,其偏振度与相应方向虹、霓的偏振度接近。用几何光学方法计算雨滴散射光偏振度,不影响计算精度,运算量明显减小。
在几何光学范畴内得出雨滴散射光平行与垂直振动强度和偏振度表达式,计算了波长为0.5847μm的雨滴散射光偏振分布。结果表明:散射角在55°~75°范围内,为明显的折射式偏振区,偏振度在0.2~0.3之间;散射角为82°~100°时,是强反射式偏振区,偏振度在0.8以上,最高达0.95;散射角100°~142°时,偏振度变化迅速,形成了尖锐的凹点,其偏振度与相应方向虹、霓的偏振度接近。用几何光学方法计算雨滴散射光偏振度,不影响计算精度,运算量明显减小。
2006, 34(2):197-198.
Abstract:
The L-band Secondary Windfinding Radar-Radiosonde Upper-Level Atmospheric Sounding System is the new generation upper-level atmospheric sounding system in China. Its capability, operating approach, and operational procedures differ from those of the 59-701 Sounding System. Some use skills and experiences in troubleshooting for the new generation upper-level atmospheric sounding system are introduced, including various abnormal phenomena in radar check, radiosonde basic measurement, battery immersion, instrument assemblage, instant measurement, data input, balloon launching, balloon position identification by the side-lobe echoes, balloon losing in sounding, and problems in balloon-launching software.
The L-band Secondary Windfinding Radar-Radiosonde Upper-Level Atmospheric Sounding System is the new generation upper-level atmospheric sounding system in China. Its capability, operating approach, and operational procedures differ from those of the 59-701 Sounding System. Some use skills and experiences in troubleshooting for the new generation upper-level atmospheric sounding system are introduced, including various abnormal phenomena in radar check, radiosonde basic measurement, battery immersion, instrument assemblage, instant measurement, data input, balloon launching, balloon position identification by the side-lobe echoes, balloon losing in sounding, and problems in balloon-launching software.
Li Liangfu
,
Wang Hanjie
,
Liu Jinyu
,
Song Shuai
,
Chinese Academy of Sciences
,
Beijing ; Institute of Aeronautical Meteorology
,
Academy of Aeronautical Equipment
,
Beijing )
2006, 34(2):199-204.
Abstract:
The real-time meteorological data quality control plays a prominent role in meteorological support for aviation-activities and weather and climate disaster relief.A real-time meteorological data quality control system based on the blackboard model is described,which integrates domain ontological knowledge and various experiential knowledge of human experts.Based on the heterogeneous knowledge(units,) the system can be used for(real)-time meteorological data quality controlling.By use of the ontological analyzing technique,the entities and their relationship are analyzed to position the knowledge point for data checking and to improve the efficiency of knowledge acquiring from expert's experience.At the same time,the inter-operation among the knowledge(units) encapsulated independently can be realized based on ontology.An evaluation method is proposed to appraise the performance of the data quality control system.The results show that the error recall ratio reaches 100% while the precaution accuracy is 89%.
The real-time meteorological data quality control plays a prominent role in meteorological support for aviation-activities and weather and climate disaster relief.A real-time meteorological data quality control system based on the blackboard model is described,which integrates domain ontological knowledge and various experiential knowledge of human experts.Based on the heterogeneous knowledge(units,) the system can be used for(real)-time meteorological data quality controlling.By use of the ontological analyzing technique,the entities and their relationship are analyzed to position the knowledge point for data checking and to improve the efficiency of knowledge acquiring from expert's experience.At the same time,the inter-operation among the knowledge(units) encapsulated independently can be realized based on ontology.An evaluation method is proposed to appraise the performance of the data quality control system.The results show that the error recall ratio reaches 100% while the precaution accuracy is 89%.
2006, 34(2):205-209.
Abstract:
The Shenyang Automatic Rainfall Monitoring Network(ARMN) is set up by using General Packet Radio Service(GPRS) and Geographical Information System(GIS) technology.It is composed of 46 automatic rainfall stations(ARS) distributed in the Shenyang area.GPRS has advantages of "fast access time," "high speed data transmission," "always online" and "pay by transfered data." It provides a reliable communication sub-network for ARMN.GIS has the advantage of spatial analysis in processing information.It can not only get the locations and query the rainfall attribute of ARS's,but also convert discrete rainfall data into continuous spatial distribution,which allows more direct representation of rainfall conditions.GIS improves the analysis and processing level of rainfall data.
The Shenyang Automatic Rainfall Monitoring Network(ARMN) is set up by using General Packet Radio Service(GPRS) and Geographical Information System(GIS) technology.It is composed of 46 automatic rainfall stations(ARS) distributed in the Shenyang area.GPRS has advantages of "fast access time," "high speed data transmission," "always online" and "pay by transfered data." It provides a reliable communication sub-network for ARMN.GIS has the advantage of spatial analysis in processing information.It can not only get the locations and query the rainfall attribute of ARS's,but also convert discrete rainfall data into continuous spatial distribution,which allows more direct representation of rainfall conditions.GIS improves the analysis and processing level of rainfall data.
2006, 34(2):210-214.
Abstract:
Based on the XYZ06 surface remote sensing weather station,an automatic meteorological data acquisition and processing system is developed by means of virtual instrument technology,in which the acquisition,processing,displaying,storage and transmission of temperature and humidity data can be conducted.Inserting the date acquisition card(ACL-8216) into the terminal computer of the station,communication is realized with the observation software of this station.The communication "order words" and their meaning are shown on the screen in real time.This virtual data acquisition system can be conveniently applied to teaching practice for automatic weather stations.The expenses of experiment equipment can be greatly reduced.
Based on the XYZ06 surface remote sensing weather station,an automatic meteorological data acquisition and processing system is developed by means of virtual instrument technology,in which the acquisition,processing,displaying,storage and transmission of temperature and humidity data can be conducted.Inserting the date acquisition card(ACL-8216) into the terminal computer of the station,communication is realized with the observation software of this station.The communication "order words" and their meaning are shown on the screen in real time.This virtual data acquisition system can be conveniently applied to teaching practice for automatic weather stations.The expenses of experiment equipment can be greatly reduced.
2006, 34(2):215-219.
Abstract:
The simulation of weather phenomenon is important to the visualization of weather information. The cloud simulation is a key to realize the simulation of weather phenomenon. Three effective algorithms for generating still clouds and moving clouds are presented, which have greatly improved the currently used simulation approaches. The recursive computation algorithm is used instead of the circulatory computation for making still clouds, which improves the running speed. The arbitrary-length clouds can be obtained by the non-repetition cloud generation algorithm. The cloud smooth algorithm improves the structure of clouds and makes the movement of clouds continual and stable. The algorithms provide a good reference for weather information visualization.
The simulation of weather phenomenon is important to the visualization of weather information. The cloud simulation is a key to realize the simulation of weather phenomenon. Three effective algorithms for generating still clouds and moving clouds are presented, which have greatly improved the currently used simulation approaches. The recursive computation algorithm is used instead of the circulatory computation for making still clouds, which improves the running speed. The arbitrary-length clouds can be obtained by the non-repetition cloud generation algorithm. The cloud smooth algorithm improves the structure of clouds and makes the movement of clouds continual and stable. The algorithms provide a good reference for weather information visualization.
2006, 34(2):220-224.
Abstract:
By means of powerful capability of Surfer, in combination with Vb programming language, the ActiveX link can be set up. Calling the plotting functions of Surfer by Vb, the spotting, isoline plotting, and color filling of the town-level rainfall charts are realized automatically, as well as their dynamic display and export. The resulting rain charts can be overlapped with the rainfall enhancement operation sites, which can be embed into rain enhancement operating systems to provide useful reference for the determination of the appropriate operation time. The method can be also applied to other operational systems needing automatic plotting.
By means of powerful capability of Surfer, in combination with Vb programming language, the ActiveX link can be set up. Calling the plotting functions of Surfer by Vb, the spotting, isoline plotting, and color filling of the town-level rainfall charts are realized automatically, as well as their dynamic display and export. The resulting rain charts can be overlapped with the rainfall enhancement operation sites, which can be embed into rain enhancement operating systems to provide useful reference for the determination of the appropriate operation time. The method can be also applied to other operational systems needing automatic plotting.
2006, 34(2):225-228.
Abstract:
It is very important for winter wheat irrigation decisionmaking to monitor the regional soil moisture in Hebei Province because it is relatively dry during the development stage of winter wheat.Based on the Verdatile Soil Moisture Budget(VSMB) model for winter wheat at a single station,parameter modification is made according to the soil types and the developing stages of winter wheat from south to north in Hebei Province,and the Regional Soil Moisture Monitoring and Forecasting System(RSM-MFS) model for winter wheat in Hebei Province is established.The essential principles and functions of the system are described,and the effectiveness of application is analyzed.The results indicate that the relative monitoring error is about 10%,and the relative risk forecasting error is about 20%.
It is very important for winter wheat irrigation decisionmaking to monitor the regional soil moisture in Hebei Province because it is relatively dry during the development stage of winter wheat.Based on the Verdatile Soil Moisture Budget(VSMB) model for winter wheat at a single station,parameter modification is made according to the soil types and the developing stages of winter wheat from south to north in Hebei Province,and the Regional Soil Moisture Monitoring and Forecasting System(RSM-MFS) model for winter wheat in Hebei Province is established.The essential principles and functions of the system are described,and the effectiveness of application is analyzed.The results indicate that the relative monitoring error is about 10%,and the relative risk forecasting error is about 20%.
2006, 34(2):229-232.
Abstract:
A real-time analysis system of crop-climatic suitability is introduced. Based on fuzzy mathematics and the necessary meteorological conditions for crop growth and development, the suitability of meteorological factors to crop growth such as air temperature, rainfall and sunshine are computed using the analysis system for different periods of time. The system output adopts grid and graphic formats. It is shown that the analysis results of crop-climatic suitability by the system for different crops and time periods are consistent with the real conditions, and also it gives a quantitative analysis for agricultural meteorological operational service.
A real-time analysis system of crop-climatic suitability is introduced. Based on fuzzy mathematics and the necessary meteorological conditions for crop growth and development, the suitability of meteorological factors to crop growth such as air temperature, rainfall and sunshine are computed using the analysis system for different periods of time. The system output adopts grid and graphic formats. It is shown that the analysis results of crop-climatic suitability by the system for different crops and time periods are consistent with the real conditions, and also it gives a quantitative analysis for agricultural meteorological operational service.
2006, 34(2):233-236.
Abstract:
China's new generation meteorological satellites provide a variety of measurements,and various data need to be transmitted with different data transmission modes.To ensure that a certain kind of detection data can be appropriately used in specific conditions by only those who are authorized,encryption and decryption technology is applied in data transmission.Before transmission, data are encrypted with the encryption key on satellites;on the ground,the decryption keys are assigned to authorized users.The encryption and decryption algorithm of data processing for our new generation meteorological satellites is introduced,and the decryption process realized by software is described.
China's new generation meteorological satellites provide a variety of measurements,and various data need to be transmitted with different data transmission modes.To ensure that a certain kind of detection data can be appropriately used in specific conditions by only those who are authorized,encryption and decryption technology is applied in data transmission.Before transmission, data are encrypted with the encryption key on satellites;on the ground,the decryption keys are assigned to authorized users.The encryption and decryption algorithm of data processing for our new generation meteorological satellites is introduced,and the decryption process realized by software is described.
2006, 34(2):237-239.
Abstract:
By means of a recursive algorithm,the tracking and extracting of the boundary data from the digital image of a map is realized,and then after converted into the corresponding longitude and latitude coordinates,these data can be applied to the meteorological plotting software GrADS,Vis5D,Surfer and MICAPS to plot the background map.With the method,the extracting of the needed messages from the digital image can be realized directly for the difficult-to-acquire longitude and latitude coordinates of boundary points of the map(such as the district boundary lines of a city),so to meet the needs of the intensive meteorological monitoring network and the visualization of high spatial resolution meteorological elements.Solved the problem about the lack of the longitude and latitude coordinates of boundary points of a map,the method can be used in meteorological plotting and to various operation systems.An application example is given.
By means of a recursive algorithm,the tracking and extracting of the boundary data from the digital image of a map is realized,and then after converted into the corresponding longitude and latitude coordinates,these data can be applied to the meteorological plotting software GrADS,Vis5D,Surfer and MICAPS to plot the background map.With the method,the extracting of the needed messages from the digital image can be realized directly for the difficult-to-acquire longitude and latitude coordinates of boundary points of the map(such as the district boundary lines of a city),so to meet the needs of the intensive meteorological monitoring network and the visualization of high spatial resolution meteorological elements.Solved the problem about the lack of the longitude and latitude coordinates of boundary points of a map,the method can be used in meteorological plotting and to various operation systems.An application example is given.
External LinksChina Meteorological AdministrationCMA Meteorological Observation CentreChinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing Meteorological ServiceNational Satellite Meteorological Center
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Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.