Volume 45,Issue 4,2017 Table of Contents
2017, 45(4):583-589.
Abstract:
The analysis and classification are conducted on the error sources in data assimilation, and according to the categories and the demands of data assimilation, the matching quality control method is developed under the strict strategy For one week data selected from the area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province of new type Automatic Weather Stations (AWS), including pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind, numerical experiments are carried outThe results show that the method is applicable to reduce rough errors and representative errors effectively, keep the normal distribution characteristic of random errors, and lower the root mean square error between observation and background significantly
The analysis and classification are conducted on the error sources in data assimilation, and according to the categories and the demands of data assimilation, the matching quality control method is developed under the strict strategy For one week data selected from the area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province of new type Automatic Weather Stations (AWS), including pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind, numerical experiments are carried outThe results show that the method is applicable to reduce rough errors and representative errors effectively, keep the normal distribution characteristic of random errors, and lower the root mean square error between observation and background significantly
2017, 45(4):590-595.
Abstract:
The tippingbucket raingauge is widely used in meteorological services at present to measure rainfall, which can only measure rainfallFor measuring hail, snow and other solid precipitation，the manual method is used mainly Comparing with the tippingbucket rain gauge, the advantage of the weighing rain gauge is to achieve the automatic observation of various types of precipitationThe study randomly selected a day without precipitation data to determine the filter function 〖WTBX〗Q〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗R〖WTBZ〗 values, based on the determined filter parameters, randomly selected a nonprecipitation day (3 April 2016) and two precipitation days (21 July2015, 7 August 2015) using the Kalman filter, combined with tippingbucket sensor data validation, the result shows that the filter parameters determined by using the Kalman filter can effectively remove the weighing rain noise, so that the filtered curve becomes smooth and steady, and reduce the data frequency jitters and errors
The tippingbucket raingauge is widely used in meteorological services at present to measure rainfall, which can only measure rainfallFor measuring hail, snow and other solid precipitation，the manual method is used mainly Comparing with the tippingbucket rain gauge, the advantage of the weighing rain gauge is to achieve the automatic observation of various types of precipitationThe study randomly selected a day without precipitation data to determine the filter function 〖WTBX〗Q〖WTBZ〗 and 〖WTBX〗R〖WTBZ〗 values, based on the determined filter parameters, randomly selected a nonprecipitation day (3 April 2016) and two precipitation days (21 July2015, 7 August 2015) using the Kalman filter, combined with tippingbucket sensor data validation, the result shows that the filter parameters determined by using the Kalman filter can effectively remove the weighing rain noise, so that the filtered curve becomes smooth and steady, and reduce the data frequency jitters and errors
3 Application of AHP and Fuzzy Entropy in Location of Zhejiang Traffic Meteorological Station Layout
2017, 45(4):596-601.
Abstract:
According to the characteristics of adverse weather and its influences on highway, the weight coefficients of the meteorological factors are calculated by AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), and are modified by the fuzzy entropy method On this basis, the double point method is used to sort the impacts on different highways, and then the results are applied to the location and layout of traffic meteorological stationsThe analysis of a case shows that the comprehensive evaluation mode is an effective method to distinguish the discrepancies between different highwaysThe conclusion is roughly consistent with the lane closure data from Hangjinqu highway, and can provide a reasonable basis for the location and layout of traffic meteorological stationsHighway managers also can make plans more objectively and effectively according to the importance of the highway
According to the characteristics of adverse weather and its influences on highway, the weight coefficients of the meteorological factors are calculated by AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), and are modified by the fuzzy entropy method On this basis, the double point method is used to sort the impacts on different highways, and then the results are applied to the location and layout of traffic meteorological stationsThe analysis of a case shows that the comprehensive evaluation mode is an effective method to distinguish the discrepancies between different highwaysThe conclusion is roughly consistent with the lane closure data from Hangjinqu highway, and can provide a reasonable basis for the location and layout of traffic meteorological stationsHighway managers also can make plans more objectively and effectively according to the importance of the highway
2017, 45(4):602-605.
Abstract:
Doppler velocity is essential to analyze and forecast severe convective weather, especially mesocyclones and tornadoes Doppler weather radar is restricted by Doppler dilemma，ie, when the unambiguous velocity increase, the corresponding unambiguous range decreases, and even worse for the secondary or more trips echo appearTo alleviate Doppler dilemma, this article uses the random phase coding technique to recover second trip echoes to expand the velocity detection range based on the current volume scan mode of CINRAD/SA weather radarIt proved that the random phase encoding can recover the second trip echoes and remove third and more trip echoes It greatly improves the acquisition of velocity at low elevation and decreases the range ambiguous purple haze area caused by the limitation of velocity dealiasing algorithm without phase coding
Doppler velocity is essential to analyze and forecast severe convective weather, especially mesocyclones and tornadoes Doppler weather radar is restricted by Doppler dilemma，ie, when the unambiguous velocity increase, the corresponding unambiguous range decreases, and even worse for the secondary or more trips echo appearTo alleviate Doppler dilemma, this article uses the random phase coding technique to recover second trip echoes to expand the velocity detection range based on the current volume scan mode of CINRAD/SA weather radarIt proved that the random phase encoding can recover the second trip echoes and remove third and more trip echoes It greatly improves the acquisition of velocity at low elevation and decreases the range ambiguous purple haze area caused by the limitation of velocity dealiasing algorithm without phase coding
2017, 45(4):606-610.
Abstract:
Based on the working principles of meteorological platinum resistance temperature sensors, the form of the errors is proved by theoretical derivation, and the least square method is used to compensate the errors In addition, based on the experimental data, the compensation effect is verified, and the applicability and stability of the compensation scheme are discussedThe results show that the least square method of compensation can effectively reduce the error and improve the performance, so does the unqualified ones with the error in a certain range; but it is not applicable for the sensors with a high error of more than ±05 ℃ Although the starting compensation effect is obvious, but there is poor stability while working
Based on the working principles of meteorological platinum resistance temperature sensors, the form of the errors is proved by theoretical derivation, and the least square method is used to compensate the errors In addition, based on the experimental data, the compensation effect is verified, and the applicability and stability of the compensation scheme are discussedThe results show that the least square method of compensation can effectively reduce the error and improve the performance, so does the unqualified ones with the error in a certain range; but it is not applicable for the sensors with a high error of more than ±05 ℃ Although the starting compensation effect is obvious, but there is poor stability while working
2017, 45(4):611-615.
Abstract:
Two cloud observation equipment, laser ceilometers and visible cloudmeters, are comparedIt is found that different factors have different effects on the observing performance of the devicesThe results provide theoretical basis for improving the observing performance of the cloud observation devicesThe results show that the devices affected by cloud physical properties and some weather phenomena such as fog, haze, and precipitation, so there will be false and missing records in the measurementsLaser ceilometers are affected by their own probe heights and vertical resolution, so have poor catch rates for high and thin clouds
Two cloud observation equipment, laser ceilometers and visible cloudmeters, are comparedIt is found that different factors have different effects on the observing performance of the devicesThe results provide theoretical basis for improving the observing performance of the cloud observation devicesThe results show that the devices affected by cloud physical properties and some weather phenomena such as fog, haze, and precipitation, so there will be false and missing records in the measurementsLaser ceilometers are affected by their own probe heights and vertical resolution, so have poor catch rates for high and thin clouds
2017, 45(4):616-621.
Abstract:
In order to apply the snow depth data effectively to disaster prevention and reduction, more than 200 sets of automatic snowdepth observation instruments were deployed by the Zhejiang Weather Service in recent years In this paper, the performance of these instruments during routine operation is assessed Problems in instrument structure, snowboard material, installation way, soil frost, and others are examined, and the reasons are analyzed Meanwhile, a quality control method of the snowdepth data based on the hourly variation is put forward and tested in actual snowfall Suggestions for improving the technical specifications of snowdepth observation are also proposed Analysis results indicate that although there are some problems, the automatic snowdepth observation instrument is capable of reflecting the snow cover continuously and obtaining multiple real time data, which has significant advantages in timeliness and precision comparing with manual measurements
In order to apply the snow depth data effectively to disaster prevention and reduction, more than 200 sets of automatic snowdepth observation instruments were deployed by the Zhejiang Weather Service in recent years In this paper, the performance of these instruments during routine operation is assessed Problems in instrument structure, snowboard material, installation way, soil frost, and others are examined, and the reasons are analyzed Meanwhile, a quality control method of the snowdepth data based on the hourly variation is put forward and tested in actual snowfall Suggestions for improving the technical specifications of snowdepth observation are also proposed Analysis results indicate that although there are some problems, the automatic snowdepth observation instrument is capable of reflecting the snow cover continuously and obtaining multiple real time data, which has significant advantages in timeliness and precision comparing with manual measurements
2017, 45(4):622-628.
Abstract:
Currently, the frequency band 1695-1710 MHz is under consideration by some administrations as the potential candidate band for International Mobile Telecom (IMT) systems at the World Radio Communication Conference According to the Radio Regulations (Edition of 2012), the band 1695-1710 MHz is allocated to the meteorological satellite (MetSat) service (spacetoearth) on a primary basis In order to protect the earth stations of the Fengyun (FY) MetSats in the 1695-1710 MHz band, the characteristics of the FY earth stations and the IMT user terminals (UEs) are introduced The interference model from IMT UEs is build, and the interference into earth stations of geostationary (GSO) and nongeostationary FY satellites’ earth stations are simulated respectively The analysis results show that the separation distances of 46 km and 61 km are needed to prevent the aggregated interference from IMT UEs into GSO MetSat earth stations and nonGSO MetSat earth stations Considering the fact that almost every large and mediumsized cities of China have one or more typical MetSat receiving systems in the 16951710 MHz band, based on above study results, it is concluded that MetSat service and IMT applications in this frequency band are incompatible
Currently, the frequency band 1695-1710 MHz is under consideration by some administrations as the potential candidate band for International Mobile Telecom (IMT) systems at the World Radio Communication Conference According to the Radio Regulations (Edition of 2012), the band 1695-1710 MHz is allocated to the meteorological satellite (MetSat) service (spacetoearth) on a primary basis In order to protect the earth stations of the Fengyun (FY) MetSats in the 1695-1710 MHz band, the characteristics of the FY earth stations and the IMT user terminals (UEs) are introduced The interference model from IMT UEs is build, and the interference into earth stations of geostationary (GSO) and nongeostationary FY satellites’ earth stations are simulated respectively The analysis results show that the separation distances of 46 km and 61 km are needed to prevent the aggregated interference from IMT UEs into GSO MetSat earth stations and nonGSO MetSat earth stations Considering the fact that almost every large and mediumsized cities of China have one or more typical MetSat receiving systems in the 16951710 MHz band, based on above study results, it is concluded that MetSat service and IMT applications in this frequency band are incompatible
2017, 45(4):629-636.
Abstract:
The BeiDou Meteorological Warning Information Distribution System (BMWIDS) is a new type warning information distribution system established by the China Meteorological Administration， which is supported by a project Atmosphere Marine and Space Monitoring Early Warning Application Demonstration Project Based on BeiDou Navigation Satellite SystemThis system uses Beidou satellite to distribute warning information in broadcast manner with enormous coverage and guaranteed timelinessIn 2015, BMWIDS began trial operation in Hubei Province with 140 Beidou warning terminals installed and used in Zigui CountyThis paper introduces the system architecture and key technology of BMWIDS, and illustrates its application in Zigui in three aspects: terminal installation, service management, and information distributionThe key technology of BMWIDS includes satellite broadcast, encoding and protocol, message compensation and error correction, as well as service configurationThe comparison is conducted between BMWIDS and other distribution media currently used in Zigui, which are mobile short message, meteorological loud speaker and meteorological LED screenThe service capability and management level of Zigui meteorology are improved by the application of BMWIDSIt is a valuable experience for the implementation and operation of warning information distribution systems based on Beidou satellites in the future
The BeiDou Meteorological Warning Information Distribution System (BMWIDS) is a new type warning information distribution system established by the China Meteorological Administration， which is supported by a project Atmosphere Marine and Space Monitoring Early Warning Application Demonstration Project Based on BeiDou Navigation Satellite SystemThis system uses Beidou satellite to distribute warning information in broadcast manner with enormous coverage and guaranteed timelinessIn 2015, BMWIDS began trial operation in Hubei Province with 140 Beidou warning terminals installed and used in Zigui CountyThis paper introduces the system architecture and key technology of BMWIDS, and illustrates its application in Zigui in three aspects: terminal installation, service management, and information distributionThe key technology of BMWIDS includes satellite broadcast, encoding and protocol, message compensation and error correction, as well as service configurationThe comparison is conducted between BMWIDS and other distribution media currently used in Zigui, which are mobile short message, meteorological loud speaker and meteorological LED screenThe service capability and management level of Zigui meteorology are improved by the application of BMWIDSIt is a valuable experience for the implementation and operation of warning information distribution systems based on Beidou satellites in the future
2017, 45(4):637-640.
Abstract:
The CMAWireless (China Meteorological AdministrationWireless) provides the basis support services for the operational mobile office and video consultationHowever, the original CMAWireless service has a limited scope, and lacks of an authentication process with security risks It is difficult to achieve a meticulous management and cannot satisfy the requirement of future meteorological modernization In this paper, we use the redundancy network structure, stack of switch and dual system, WiFiprotected access, and wireless access point by power over Ethernet to study the characteristics of operational meteorological data transmission, and make up for the shortage of the original network based on WLCThe study provides a good support for the mobile office and video consultation
The CMAWireless (China Meteorological AdministrationWireless) provides the basis support services for the operational mobile office and video consultationHowever, the original CMAWireless service has a limited scope, and lacks of an authentication process with security risks It is difficult to achieve a meticulous management and cannot satisfy the requirement of future meteorological modernization In this paper, we use the redundancy network structure, stack of switch and dual system, WiFiprotected access, and wireless access point by power over Ethernet to study the characteristics of operational meteorological data transmission, and make up for the shortage of the original network based on WLCThe study provides a good support for the mobile office and video consultation
2017, 45(4):641-646.
Abstract:
To continuously improve the technology content and informationalized level of meteorological detection equipment management，it is urgent to establish efficient and timely relevant management platforms Based on the actual situation of meteorological equipment management and relevant demands in Beijing, in this paper，we propose a design of the dynamic information management platform based on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) for meteorological detection equipmentsWe expatiate the design of system structure， focus on RFID technology information transmission and detailed functions, and also put forward some thoughts and prospects for platform construction
To continuously improve the technology content and informationalized level of meteorological detection equipment management，it is urgent to establish efficient and timely relevant management platforms Based on the actual situation of meteorological equipment management and relevant demands in Beijing, in this paper，we propose a design of the dynamic information management platform based on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) for meteorological detection equipmentsWe expatiate the design of system structure， focus on RFID technology information transmission and detailed functions, and also put forward some thoughts and prospects for platform construction
2017, 45(4):647-652.
Abstract:
The upward transmission of meteorological data is the foundation of meteorological servicesTo satisfy the needs of stations for realtime upward transmission of meteorological data after the meteorological communication system switched to CTS (China Telecommunication System), this paper describes the the transmission procedure of upward meteorological data, proposes the ideas about the construction of the transmission monitoring platform for upward meteorological data, designs the platform architecture, synchronization strategy for transmission logs, and the personalized display data policyThis platform is implemented by the MVC framework, Quartz scheduler and jQuery Grid PluginThe function of realtime monitoring for upward meteorological data transmission is implementedThe statistical analysis for the transmission status is also provided in this platformThe error report can also be queried from this platformThis platform has been put into operation as a module of MOPS (Metrological Observation Platform for Station), and provides the support of the platform for improving the quality of upward meteorological data transmission
The upward transmission of meteorological data is the foundation of meteorological servicesTo satisfy the needs of stations for realtime upward transmission of meteorological data after the meteorological communication system switched to CTS (China Telecommunication System), this paper describes the the transmission procedure of upward meteorological data, proposes the ideas about the construction of the transmission monitoring platform for upward meteorological data, designs the platform architecture, synchronization strategy for transmission logs, and the personalized display data policyThis platform is implemented by the MVC framework, Quartz scheduler and jQuery Grid PluginThe function of realtime monitoring for upward meteorological data transmission is implementedThe statistical analysis for the transmission status is also provided in this platformThe error report can also be queried from this platformThis platform has been put into operation as a module of MOPS (Metrological Observation Platform for Station), and provides the support of the platform for improving the quality of upward meteorological data transmission
2017, 45(4):653-657.
Abstract:
The development of public meteorological service brings higher demands to the meteorological products Collecting the observation data quickly， constructing normative service procedure, producing meteorology products timely and effectively has become a problem to meteorology serviceThis paper introduces a specialized meteorology product platform without any business software moduleThe platform focuses on fulfilling the specification of meteorology products It provides a complete solution including all the steps of creating meteorology products such as the management of vector graph, bitmap, and so on This platform has been used as the backend software for the specialized meteorology service portal
The development of public meteorological service brings higher demands to the meteorological products Collecting the observation data quickly， constructing normative service procedure, producing meteorology products timely and effectively has become a problem to meteorology serviceThis paper introduces a specialized meteorology product platform without any business software moduleThe platform focuses on fulfilling the specification of meteorology products It provides a complete solution including all the steps of creating meteorology products such as the management of vector graph, bitmap, and so on This platform has been used as the backend software for the specialized meteorology service portal
2017, 45(4):658-668.
Abstract:
In order to verify and assess GRAPES more comprehensively, this research attempts to simulate the weather processes of Tarim Basin, southern Xinjiang, China in January, April, July and October 2013 by days, and compares those with actual data from monitoring stations in order to analyze the prediction capability of GRAPES The results show that GRAPES is able to predict 2 m temperatures, wind and rainfall in desert areas, but there exist errors GRAPES can predict the daily trend of 2 m temperatures in Tarim Basin but the errors of the extremum values are obvious As for the prediction of wind field, GPAPES performs better in January, April and October when wind speed is higher, which means it basically is able to predict wind direction in desert areas However, in July, when the wind speed is low, GRAPES performs unsatisfactorily The problems in precipitation prediction mainly lie in greater false prediction rate, and inaccuracy also occurs in the prediction of precipitation centers
In order to verify and assess GRAPES more comprehensively, this research attempts to simulate the weather processes of Tarim Basin, southern Xinjiang, China in January, April, July and October 2013 by days, and compares those with actual data from monitoring stations in order to analyze the prediction capability of GRAPES The results show that GRAPES is able to predict 2 m temperatures, wind and rainfall in desert areas, but there exist errors GRAPES can predict the daily trend of 2 m temperatures in Tarim Basin but the errors of the extremum values are obvious As for the prediction of wind field, GPAPES performs better in January, April and October when wind speed is higher, which means it basically is able to predict wind direction in desert areas However, in July, when the wind speed is low, GRAPES performs unsatisfactorily The problems in precipitation prediction mainly lie in greater false prediction rate, and inaccuracy also occurs in the prediction of precipitation centers
15 Relationship between PDO and Interdecadal Change of Winter Temperature in China from 1951 to 2013
2017, 45(4):669-677.
Abstract:
Relationships between Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and winter temperature in China and their characteristics are investigated by using the statistical method at the interrannual and interdecadal scalesThe correlation coefficients are calculated between the PDO index time series during the period of 1951 to 2016 and the observed surface air temperature of 160 stations throughout ChinaThe results exhibit that the relationship between PDO interannual variability and winter temperatures in China is not significant, but dramatically close relationship with China’s winter temperature interdecadal variability; in the PDO positive (negative) phase, the temperature is generally high (low). The influence mechanisms of PDO on China’s winter temperature are characterized by the following: in the PDO positive (negative) phase, the sea level pressure field in Siberian is weak (strong); the 500 hPa height field in the east Asian is weak (strong); and the 200 hPa zonal wind field in the east Asian jet stream is weak (strong), resulting in the high (low) winter temperature of China
Relationships between Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and winter temperature in China and their characteristics are investigated by using the statistical method at the interrannual and interdecadal scalesThe correlation coefficients are calculated between the PDO index time series during the period of 1951 to 2016 and the observed surface air temperature of 160 stations throughout ChinaThe results exhibit that the relationship between PDO interannual variability and winter temperatures in China is not significant, but dramatically close relationship with China’s winter temperature interdecadal variability; in the PDO positive (negative) phase, the temperature is generally high (low). The influence mechanisms of PDO on China’s winter temperature are characterized by the following: in the PDO positive (negative) phase, the sea level pressure field in Siberian is weak (strong); the 500 hPa height field in the east Asian is weak (strong); and the 200 hPa zonal wind field in the east Asian jet stream is weak (strong), resulting in the high (low) winter temperature of China
2017, 45(4):678-685.
Abstract:
Using the monthly precipitation data of 18 observational stations in the western Liaoning region from 1961 to 2015, the monthly surface air temperature of 209 observational stations in Northeast China from 1961 to 2015, and the monthly mean sea surface temperature data reconstructed by NOAA, 88 the atmospheric circulation indexes and 26 SST indexes, a summer Northeast Clod Vortex Index (NECVI) and cold vortex rainfall predictors suitable for the western Liaoning region are defined Results show that in nearly 55 years, the cold vortex rainfall contribution rate in the western Liaoning region was stable generally; there was no obvious change; there were 18 years cycle significantly If the Northeast Cold Vortex is strong, the NECVI is greater, and the smaller SPI is often associated with more precipitation in the western Liaoning region, and vice versa There is a significantly correlation between cold vortex rainfall and previous March Nino 3 SSTA Index, May Kuroshio Current SST Index, and March Western Pacific Subtropical High Intensity Index, which can be used as influential factors of the cold vortex rainfall, and provide references for summer climate predictions and weather modification work
Using the monthly precipitation data of 18 observational stations in the western Liaoning region from 1961 to 2015, the monthly surface air temperature of 209 observational stations in Northeast China from 1961 to 2015, and the monthly mean sea surface temperature data reconstructed by NOAA, 88 the atmospheric circulation indexes and 26 SST indexes, a summer Northeast Clod Vortex Index (NECVI) and cold vortex rainfall predictors suitable for the western Liaoning region are defined Results show that in nearly 55 years, the cold vortex rainfall contribution rate in the western Liaoning region was stable generally; there was no obvious change; there were 18 years cycle significantly If the Northeast Cold Vortex is strong, the NECVI is greater, and the smaller SPI is often associated with more precipitation in the western Liaoning region, and vice versa There is a significantly correlation between cold vortex rainfall and previous March Nino 3 SSTA Index, May Kuroshio Current SST Index, and March Western Pacific Subtropical High Intensity Index, which can be used as influential factors of the cold vortex rainfall, and provide references for summer climate predictions and weather modification work
2017, 45(4):686-697.
Abstract:
The clear day observation data of the CFL03 wind profiler radar (WPR) collected in Urumqi are used to analyze the characteristics of the diurnal variation of the atmospheric boundary layerThe results show that the seasonal variation of the boundary layer is obviousBelow the 300-600 m height, the wind speed is weak (<3 m/s), and the nearer the surface the smaller the wind speed is While wind speed is larger, the wind direction is constant in southeast above 300 to 600 mThe wind speeds in summer and autumn are smaller than those in winter and springThe characteristics of the flow field in summer and autumn are more complex, in which the horizontal wind speed and direction are more volatile, and there is obvious wind shearThe magnitude of structural parameter of turbulence reflectivity in spring (autumn or winter) is one magnitude (three magnitudes or 1 to 3 magnitudes) less than that in summer In summer, the structural parameter of turbulence reflectivity is maximum, which is 10-16 to 10-13m-2/3Under the condition of clear sky, the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy is 10-6 to 10-2, 10-4 to 10-3 and 10-6 to 10-3m2〖DK〗·s-3, respectively, in spring, summer, and autumnThe magnitude of dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy in daytime is one magnitude more than that at nightThe diurnal variation of structural parameter of turbulence reflectivity and dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy is correlated well to wind field in clear daysThat is, the region of strong turbulence development is consistent with the larger wind velocityThe diurnal boundarylayer feature in spring and summer can be better monitored by the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy using a new product of WPR In summer, under the condition of clear sky, the height of the stable boundary layer, residual layer, convective boundary layer, mixed layer, and entrainment layer are 400 to 500, 1800, 2500, 2200 and 300 to 400 m, respectivelyThe diurnal variation of the boundary layer height is positively related to surface temperature
The clear day observation data of the CFL03 wind profiler radar (WPR) collected in Urumqi are used to analyze the characteristics of the diurnal variation of the atmospheric boundary layerThe results show that the seasonal variation of the boundary layer is obviousBelow the 300-600 m height, the wind speed is weak (<3 m/s), and the nearer the surface the smaller the wind speed is While wind speed is larger, the wind direction is constant in southeast above 300 to 600 mThe wind speeds in summer and autumn are smaller than those in winter and springThe characteristics of the flow field in summer and autumn are more complex, in which the horizontal wind speed and direction are more volatile, and there is obvious wind shearThe magnitude of structural parameter of turbulence reflectivity in spring (autumn or winter) is one magnitude (three magnitudes or 1 to 3 magnitudes) less than that in summer In summer, the structural parameter of turbulence reflectivity is maximum, which is 10-16 to 10-13m-2/3Under the condition of clear sky, the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy is 10-6 to 10-2, 10-4 to 10-3 and 10-6 to 10-3m2〖DK〗·s-3, respectively, in spring, summer, and autumnThe magnitude of dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy in daytime is one magnitude more than that at nightThe diurnal variation of structural parameter of turbulence reflectivity and dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy is correlated well to wind field in clear daysThat is, the region of strong turbulence development is consistent with the larger wind velocityThe diurnal boundarylayer feature in spring and summer can be better monitored by the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy using a new product of WPR In summer, under the condition of clear sky, the height of the stable boundary layer, residual layer, convective boundary layer, mixed layer, and entrainment layer are 400 to 500, 1800, 2500, 2200 and 300 to 400 m, respectivelyThe diurnal variation of the boundary layer height is positively related to surface temperature
2017, 45(4):698-709.
Abstract:
Using the CINRAD/SA data of Qinhuangdao, three wind profilers in Baodi, Xiqing and Jinghai, 255 meters tower on Tianjin, as well as NCEP/NCAR 1°×1° reanalysis data, radiosonde data of Beijing and Laoting, and the 5minute and Jformat data from basic automatic weather stations, the evolution characteristics of a mesoscale convective system (a missing forecast hail event) that occurred in Tianjin on 22 June 2014 are analyzed in detail The results show: (1) The hailstorm event occurred under the northwest airflow pattern and lowenergy conditionsThe hail region intruded along the rare northeast route (2) The hailstorm cell located at the “rightfalling” point of the ground herringbone convergence line, with the combined action of dry line caused the strengthen of hailstormThe surface strong easterly inflow in the formed stage strengthened the wind speed convergence and the dry lineThe automatic station Jformat data show that the variation of meteorological elements (drop in temperature, raise in pressure, increase the humidity) at the matured stage was greater than those at forming and strengthening stages(3) The establishment of the northeast flow in the lower troposphere which located in the rear inflow zone of the hailstorm advanced 3 hoursThe maintenance and downward transmission of the northeast flow played an important role in the enhancement of the hailstorm cell Different from the rear inflow zone, the northeast flow was stretched from the ground to the boundary layer which located in front inflow zone of the hailstorm, and there appeared reversed changes for a short time of meteorological elements before hailfall, due to the downward airflow dragging and weakening of air suction(4) The storm tracking information displayed that the centroids were 3 to 4 km high, while the echo tops were far higher than the-20 ℃ layerThe height of the maximum reflectivity had three fallsThe vertical liquid water content reached 55 kg〖DK〗·m-2 in the strengthened stage
Using the CINRAD/SA data of Qinhuangdao, three wind profilers in Baodi, Xiqing and Jinghai, 255 meters tower on Tianjin, as well as NCEP/NCAR 1°×1° reanalysis data, radiosonde data of Beijing and Laoting, and the 5minute and Jformat data from basic automatic weather stations, the evolution characteristics of a mesoscale convective system (a missing forecast hail event) that occurred in Tianjin on 22 June 2014 are analyzed in detail The results show: (1) The hailstorm event occurred under the northwest airflow pattern and lowenergy conditionsThe hail region intruded along the rare northeast route (2) The hailstorm cell located at the “rightfalling” point of the ground herringbone convergence line, with the combined action of dry line caused the strengthen of hailstormThe surface strong easterly inflow in the formed stage strengthened the wind speed convergence and the dry lineThe automatic station Jformat data show that the variation of meteorological elements (drop in temperature, raise in pressure, increase the humidity) at the matured stage was greater than those at forming and strengthening stages(3) The establishment of the northeast flow in the lower troposphere which located in the rear inflow zone of the hailstorm advanced 3 hoursThe maintenance and downward transmission of the northeast flow played an important role in the enhancement of the hailstorm cell Different from the rear inflow zone, the northeast flow was stretched from the ground to the boundary layer which located in front inflow zone of the hailstorm, and there appeared reversed changes for a short time of meteorological elements before hailfall, due to the downward airflow dragging and weakening of air suction(4) The storm tracking information displayed that the centroids were 3 to 4 km high, while the echo tops were far higher than the-20 ℃ layerThe height of the maximum reflectivity had three fallsThe vertical liquid water content reached 55 kg〖DK〗·m-2 in the strengthened stage
2017, 45(4):710-716.
Abstract:
Foggy and hazy weather occurred frequently and worsened air quality dramatically during recent yearsInvestigating the causes and improving the prediction for fog and haze are essential to guide the public and protect public healthThis paper utilizes the observational data from 62 nationallevel automatic weather stations in Liaoning and the reanalysis data from NCEP to analyze the generalcirculation background, forming conditions and persistency causes for the fog and haze process occurred from 7 to 14 November 2015 in LiaoningResults indicate: (1) The general circulation, including an upperlevel westsouthwest flow, a lowlevel warm ridge, a reversed surface trough, and a weakened surface pressure, provided favorable synoptic conditions for the fog and haze event(2) Temperature inversion was the critical cause for this persistent fog and haze eventThe inversion had different structures for foggy and hazy stages, with a lower top and thinner layer for intense fog but a higher top, a thicker layer and even multiple simultaneous inversion layers for haze〖JP2〗(3) Water vapor content was the key factor for the conversion between fog and hazeA 95% relative humidity near the surface favors fog genesis, while a 60% to 70% is optimal for hazeThe specific humidity increased when fog turns into haze, whilst it decreased with a reversed conversion(4) The weak rising motion near the surface and the weak sinking at middleupper layers dynamically intensified this foghaze event(5) The characteristics of meteorological elements differ substantially before and after the fog and haze, which provides references for predicting fog and haze
Foggy and hazy weather occurred frequently and worsened air quality dramatically during recent yearsInvestigating the causes and improving the prediction for fog and haze are essential to guide the public and protect public healthThis paper utilizes the observational data from 62 nationallevel automatic weather stations in Liaoning and the reanalysis data from NCEP to analyze the generalcirculation background, forming conditions and persistency causes for the fog and haze process occurred from 7 to 14 November 2015 in LiaoningResults indicate: (1) The general circulation, including an upperlevel westsouthwest flow, a lowlevel warm ridge, a reversed surface trough, and a weakened surface pressure, provided favorable synoptic conditions for the fog and haze event(2) Temperature inversion was the critical cause for this persistent fog and haze eventThe inversion had different structures for foggy and hazy stages, with a lower top and thinner layer for intense fog but a higher top, a thicker layer and even multiple simultaneous inversion layers for haze〖JP2〗(3) Water vapor content was the key factor for the conversion between fog and hazeA 95% relative humidity near the surface favors fog genesis, while a 60% to 70% is optimal for hazeThe specific humidity increased when fog turns into haze, whilst it decreased with a reversed conversion(4) The weak rising motion near the surface and the weak sinking at middleupper layers dynamically intensified this foghaze event(5) The characteristics of meteorological elements differ substantially before and after the fog and haze, which provides references for predicting fog and haze
2017, 45(4):717-724.
Abstract:
Based on the hourly highdensity meteorological observation data and the Air Quality Index announced by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, we discuss and analyze the meteorological conditions of the pollution process from January 9 to 4 February 2014 in the urban area of Mianyang, Sichuan ProvinceThis study is conducted from three aspects: slight, moderate, and severe pollutionAnalysis indicates that the wind speed and the thickness of the atmospheric mixed layer are negatively correlated with the air quality index, with the correlation coefficients being -0637 and -0487The types of air pollution are discussedThe wind speed is negatively correlated with the air quality index in slight pollution with a correlation coefficient of -0739The diurnal variation of wind speed shows a singlepeak trend, with the peak value appearing in 12:00-18:00The wind direction is given priority to the southeast and northwest flow, and the air pollution could be aggravated by the southeast flowThe thickness of the atmospheric mixed layer in the slight pollution condition is 58378 m, and it is 5 m lower in moderate pollution than in severe pollution, 48192 m and 48769 m, respectively While the thickness of the atmospheric mixed layer on the low side, the diurnal variation is characterized as low in the morning and evening, high in the afternoon According to the Blownup Theory, the 〖WTBX〗V〖WTBZ〗3〖WTBX〗θ〖WTBZ〗 plot of the pollution process has instructive effect in forecasting strong convection and precipitation
Based on the hourly highdensity meteorological observation data and the Air Quality Index announced by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, we discuss and analyze the meteorological conditions of the pollution process from January 9 to 4 February 2014 in the urban area of Mianyang, Sichuan ProvinceThis study is conducted from three aspects: slight, moderate, and severe pollutionAnalysis indicates that the wind speed and the thickness of the atmospheric mixed layer are negatively correlated with the air quality index, with the correlation coefficients being -0637 and -0487The types of air pollution are discussedThe wind speed is negatively correlated with the air quality index in slight pollution with a correlation coefficient of -0739The diurnal variation of wind speed shows a singlepeak trend, with the peak value appearing in 12:00-18:00The wind direction is given priority to the southeast and northwest flow, and the air pollution could be aggravated by the southeast flowThe thickness of the atmospheric mixed layer in the slight pollution condition is 58378 m, and it is 5 m lower in moderate pollution than in severe pollution, 48192 m and 48769 m, respectively While the thickness of the atmospheric mixed layer on the low side, the diurnal variation is characterized as low in the morning and evening, high in the afternoon According to the Blownup Theory, the 〖WTBX〗V〖WTBZ〗3〖WTBX〗θ〖WTBZ〗 plot of the pollution process has instructive effect in forecasting strong convection and precipitation
2017, 45(4):725-728.
Abstract:
The pressure fields for the heavy fog events occurred at Huludao weather station around the Northern Bohai Bay for nearly 30 years are analyzed by using the Fuzzy CMeans (FCM) Clustering Algorithm, and the optimal cluster number is decided based on four scalar validity measures, and then the pressure pattern and monthly frequency for each cluster, wind direction and magnitude, relative humidity, diurnal variation of visibility at the weather station are also studiedThe results show that the pressure patterns for heavy fog weather at the Huludao station can be divided into four types: ahead of a cold front, ahead of a high pressure system, rear of a high pressure system, and col pressure fieldThe pattern ahead of a cold front occurs mainly in spring and summer, while patterns ahead of a high pressure system and col pressure field happen mostly in winter and spring, and that in the rear of a high pressure system can arise all the year, within which the annual frequency of heavy fogs for only col pressure pattern passed the 95% significant test For patterns ahead of a cold front and rear of a high pressure system, the prevailing wind during a heavy fog is southwesterly, because of the effect of land and sea breeze in the rear of high pressure, the percentage of northerly is higher than that of southerly, but the percentage of southwest wind is higher in the col pressure field
The pressure fields for the heavy fog events occurred at Huludao weather station around the Northern Bohai Bay for nearly 30 years are analyzed by using the Fuzzy CMeans (FCM) Clustering Algorithm, and the optimal cluster number is decided based on four scalar validity measures, and then the pressure pattern and monthly frequency for each cluster, wind direction and magnitude, relative humidity, diurnal variation of visibility at the weather station are also studiedThe results show that the pressure patterns for heavy fog weather at the Huludao station can be divided into four types: ahead of a cold front, ahead of a high pressure system, rear of a high pressure system, and col pressure fieldThe pattern ahead of a cold front occurs mainly in spring and summer, while patterns ahead of a high pressure system and col pressure field happen mostly in winter and spring, and that in the rear of a high pressure system can arise all the year, within which the annual frequency of heavy fogs for only col pressure pattern passed the 95% significant test For patterns ahead of a cold front and rear of a high pressure system, the prevailing wind during a heavy fog is southwesterly, because of the effect of land and sea breeze in the rear of high pressure, the percentage of northerly is higher than that of southerly, but the percentage of southwest wind is higher in the col pressure field
2017, 45(4):729-734.
Abstract:
Using the conventional observation data from February to March from 2005 to 2014, the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution, system configuration, as well as the ambient field of elevated thunderstorm hail in the western Hunan are analyzed Results reveals that hails occur more frequently in the south than in the north and middle areas in the concerning area with a diurnal variation The main influencing weather systems include upperlevel through, low level jet (LLJ) in 700 hPa and cold air, etc Indicators of potential forecast of the elevated thunderstorm hails are as follows: relative humidity greater than or equal to 92% at 850 hPa, 60% at 700 hPa， but smaller than or equal to 485% at 500 hPa； thermal front at 850 hPa with a threshold temperature difference of 13 ℃ per 5° of latitude； temperature difference between 700 hPa and 500 hPa greater than 15 ℃； wind speed of LLJ at 700 hPa greater than 16 m〖DK〗·s-1; vertical wind shear between 850 hPa and 700 hPa greater than 19 m〖DK〗·s-1； the height of 0 ℃ level lower than 3 to 4 km; and the height of -20 ℃ level between 6 to 7 km
Using the conventional observation data from February to March from 2005 to 2014, the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution, system configuration, as well as the ambient field of elevated thunderstorm hail in the western Hunan are analyzed Results reveals that hails occur more frequently in the south than in the north and middle areas in the concerning area with a diurnal variation The main influencing weather systems include upperlevel through, low level jet (LLJ) in 700 hPa and cold air, etc Indicators of potential forecast of the elevated thunderstorm hails are as follows: relative humidity greater than or equal to 92% at 850 hPa, 60% at 700 hPa， but smaller than or equal to 485% at 500 hPa； thermal front at 850 hPa with a threshold temperature difference of 13 ℃ per 5° of latitude； temperature difference between 700 hPa and 500 hPa greater than 15 ℃； wind speed of LLJ at 700 hPa greater than 16 m〖DK〗·s-1; vertical wind shear between 850 hPa and 700 hPa greater than 19 m〖DK〗·s-1； the height of 0 ℃ level lower than 3 to 4 km; and the height of -20 ℃ level between 6 to 7 km
2017, 45(4):735-744.
Abstract:
Based on the meteorological data of 8 times per day in 4 stations over Zhejiang (Hangzhou, Zhoushan, Quzhou and Dachen) from 2000 to 2013, an analysis is made of the atmospheric mixed layer height (MLH) and their overall regional variations by the Nozaki methodThe results show that MLH in Zhoushan is the lowest, 954 m; then that in Hangzhou, 1073 m and that in Quzhou, 1181 m. MLH in Dachen is the highest, 1631 m; the spatial distribution of MLH is low in the north, high in south, and the highest in the Dachen island in Zhejiang; and the lower the MLH, the more stable it isThe variation of seasonal and daily average of MLH is obviousThe MLH changes in Hangzhou, Zhoushan and Quzhou follow the double peaktotrough pattern, which is higher in spring (from March to April) and summer (from July to August) and lower in early summer (June), autumn, and winter (November to next February) But Dachen MLH follows the single peaktotrough pattern, which is higher in autumn and winter (December to next January), and lower in late spring and early summer (May), and higher in daytime and lower in nighttimeThe increased MLH in Hangzhou of 2002 was more closely related to stronger wind speed, less sunshine and more rainy days in January and June, less rainy days in September, more sunshine in February Wind and atmospheric stability are the main factors of influencing MLHThe atmosphere is unstable when wind speed is more than 3 m〖DK〗·s-1, which is favorable for MLH uplifting This is the reason why Dachen MLH is the highest Zhoushan MLH is lower than Quzhou MLH because of lower temperature, which is why Hangzhou MLH is higher The lower the MLH, more rainy days, greater precipitation, more fog days, and the poorer visibility there are, and vice versaThe frequencies of light fog and haze appearing during same period are the highest in Hangzhou, and there will be more moderate hazes and fogs during lower MLHThe results of study are of great significance for cognitive air quality assessment and distribution of pollutant diffusion capability in Zhejiang, and it also can provide scientific reference for the rational distribution of regional pollution sources
Based on the meteorological data of 8 times per day in 4 stations over Zhejiang (Hangzhou, Zhoushan, Quzhou and Dachen) from 2000 to 2013, an analysis is made of the atmospheric mixed layer height (MLH) and their overall regional variations by the Nozaki methodThe results show that MLH in Zhoushan is the lowest, 954 m; then that in Hangzhou, 1073 m and that in Quzhou, 1181 m. MLH in Dachen is the highest, 1631 m; the spatial distribution of MLH is low in the north, high in south, and the highest in the Dachen island in Zhejiang; and the lower the MLH, the more stable it isThe variation of seasonal and daily average of MLH is obviousThe MLH changes in Hangzhou, Zhoushan and Quzhou follow the double peaktotrough pattern, which is higher in spring (from March to April) and summer (from July to August) and lower in early summer (June), autumn, and winter (November to next February) But Dachen MLH follows the single peaktotrough pattern, which is higher in autumn and winter (December to next January), and lower in late spring and early summer (May), and higher in daytime and lower in nighttimeThe increased MLH in Hangzhou of 2002 was more closely related to stronger wind speed, less sunshine and more rainy days in January and June, less rainy days in September, more sunshine in February Wind and atmospheric stability are the main factors of influencing MLHThe atmosphere is unstable when wind speed is more than 3 m〖DK〗·s-1, which is favorable for MLH uplifting This is the reason why Dachen MLH is the highest Zhoushan MLH is lower than Quzhou MLH because of lower temperature, which is why Hangzhou MLH is higher The lower the MLH, more rainy days, greater precipitation, more fog days, and the poorer visibility there are, and vice versaThe frequencies of light fog and haze appearing during same period are the highest in Hangzhou, and there will be more moderate hazes and fogs during lower MLHThe results of study are of great significance for cognitive air quality assessment and distribution of pollutant diffusion capability in Zhejiang, and it also can provide scientific reference for the rational distribution of regional pollution sources
2017, 45(4):745-749.
Abstract:
The spring meteorological data from 1978 to 2015 in the Dandong area are used to analyze the extent of crop damages, which are divided into three different levels, because of low temperature, overcast or rainy weather, as well as scant lightingThe Lagrange interpolation method is used to calculate the expected crop output, and the separation method is used to separate the yield loss caused by the above mentioned weather Results show: (1) The yields of rice and soybean in the Dandong region show significant staged changes(2) The effects of low temperature and rainy weather on crops are : maize＞soybean＞riceThe effects of low temperature and scant lighting weather on crops are different: soybean＞maize＞rice In addition, the influence of rainy and cold rainy weather on corn and soybean is much larger than that on rice
The spring meteorological data from 1978 to 2015 in the Dandong area are used to analyze the extent of crop damages, which are divided into three different levels, because of low temperature, overcast or rainy weather, as well as scant lightingThe Lagrange interpolation method is used to calculate the expected crop output, and the separation method is used to separate the yield loss caused by the above mentioned weather Results show: (1) The yields of rice and soybean in the Dandong region show significant staged changes(2) The effects of low temperature and rainy weather on crops are : maize＞soybean＞riceThe effects of low temperature and scant lighting weather on crops are different: soybean＞maize＞rice In addition, the influence of rainy and cold rainy weather on corn and soybean is much larger than that on rice
2017, 45(4):750-755.
Abstract:
Based on wind, wave height, temperature and humidity data, the optimized Kmeans algorithm which combines DB criterion and the method of maximum distance is used in China’s offshore climate regionalization in winterThe optimized algorithm avoids the drawbacks of subjectivity of determining cluster number and initial cluster centers in the traditional Kmeans algorithmThe results show that three regions are obtained: Region 1 mainly includes the sea area north of 28°N and the long narrow area in the southeast coastal of China; Region 2 mainly includes the circumjacent seas of the Taiwan Island, Taiwan Strait, Bashi Channel and most of the South China Sea from the southwest to the northeast; Region 3 mainly includes the sea area in the southwest of the Taiwan Island, Beibu Gulf, coastal areas of Guangdong Province and the southeast of the South China Sea By analyzing the climate characteristics of each region and their influences on ships and people on the seas, according to the regionalization criteria, we conclude that Region 1 is basically suitable for sailing, Region 2 is not suitable, and Region 3 is suitable
Based on wind, wave height, temperature and humidity data, the optimized Kmeans algorithm which combines DB criterion and the method of maximum distance is used in China’s offshore climate regionalization in winterThe optimized algorithm avoids the drawbacks of subjectivity of determining cluster number and initial cluster centers in the traditional Kmeans algorithmThe results show that three regions are obtained: Region 1 mainly includes the sea area north of 28°N and the long narrow area in the southeast coastal of China; Region 2 mainly includes the circumjacent seas of the Taiwan Island, Taiwan Strait, Bashi Channel and most of the South China Sea from the southwest to the northeast; Region 3 mainly includes the sea area in the southwest of the Taiwan Island, Beibu Gulf, coastal areas of Guangdong Province and the southeast of the South China Sea By analyzing the climate characteristics of each region and their influences on ships and people on the seas, according to the regionalization criteria, we conclude that Region 1 is basically suitable for sailing, Region 2 is not suitable, and Region 3 is suitable
2017, 45(4):756-760.
Abstract:
Fog weather is one of the most important meteorological disasters affecting the traffic safety and management Based on the fog observation data from 68 stations in Zhejiang from 2004 to 2013, the geographic information and the historical traffic loss data, the risk regionalization of the fog disasters on highway in Zhejiang Province is conductedThe risk assessment index sets of fog disasters are established on the basis of the assessment of natural disaster risk theoryThe frequency and duration of fogs are taken as the hazard index, and the traffic accident data rate，the frequency and duration of traffic closing are taken as the vulnerability index, and the passenger and freight volume are taken as the exposure indexThe ArcGIS spatial analysis technique, weighted comprehensive evaluation, and analytic hierarchy process method are used to set up the comprehensive risk evaluation model of fog disasters According to this model, a risk zoning map is compiled The results show that the highway with high risk accounts for 1513% of the total highway length The higher risk sections are mainly located in the sections of Shenjiahu Highway arround the Nanxun and Jiangshan，Hangzhou Bay Ring from Xiaoshan to Yuecheng， the west Hangzhou Ring Highway， ChangTai Highway from Shangyu to Shengzhou, ZhuYong Highway from Zhuji to Pan’an, ShanghaiKunming Highway from Zhuji to Kecheng The research results can provide scientific references for highway management departments of disaster prevention and mitigation plans
Fog weather is one of the most important meteorological disasters affecting the traffic safety and management Based on the fog observation data from 68 stations in Zhejiang from 2004 to 2013, the geographic information and the historical traffic loss data, the risk regionalization of the fog disasters on highway in Zhejiang Province is conductedThe risk assessment index sets of fog disasters are established on the basis of the assessment of natural disaster risk theoryThe frequency and duration of fogs are taken as the hazard index, and the traffic accident data rate，the frequency and duration of traffic closing are taken as the vulnerability index, and the passenger and freight volume are taken as the exposure indexThe ArcGIS spatial analysis technique, weighted comprehensive evaluation, and analytic hierarchy process method are used to set up the comprehensive risk evaluation model of fog disasters According to this model, a risk zoning map is compiled The results show that the highway with high risk accounts for 1513% of the total highway length The higher risk sections are mainly located in the sections of Shenjiahu Highway arround the Nanxun and Jiangshan，Hangzhou Bay Ring from Xiaoshan to Yuecheng， the west Hangzhou Ring Highway， ChangTai Highway from Shangyu to Shengzhou, ZhuYong Highway from Zhuji to Pan’an, ShanghaiKunming Highway from Zhuji to Kecheng The research results can provide scientific references for highway management departments of disaster prevention and mitigation plans
2017, 45(4):761-764.
Abstract:
The flankingstriking lightning protection is one of the important contents of lightning protection for highrise buildings (including super highrise building). Taking the classⅡ lightning protection building as an example, the paper analyzes the flankingstriking lightning current magnitude range and the probability distribution characteristics of highrise buildings by combining the electrogeometric model and lightning current featuresThe result shows that the higher the building, the greater the occurrence probability of flankingstriking lightning, and there is an exponential growth relationship between them; the higher the building, the bigger the flankingstriking lightning current magnitude rangeThe flankingstriking lightning protection technical problems in lightning protection project are discussed, which provides a reference for flankingstriking lightning protection for highrise buildings
The flankingstriking lightning protection is one of the important contents of lightning protection for highrise buildings (including super highrise building). Taking the classⅡ lightning protection building as an example, the paper analyzes the flankingstriking lightning current magnitude range and the probability distribution characteristics of highrise buildings by combining the electrogeometric model and lightning current featuresThe result shows that the higher the building, the greater the occurrence probability of flankingstriking lightning, and there is an exponential growth relationship between them; the higher the building, the bigger the flankingstriking lightning current magnitude rangeThe flankingstriking lightning protection technical problems in lightning protection project are discussed, which provides a reference for flankingstriking lightning protection for highrise buildings
External LinksChina Meteorological AdministrationCMA Meteorological Observation CentreChinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing Meteorological ServiceNational Satellite Meteorological Center
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Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.