Volume 46,Issue 1,2018 Table of Contents
2018, 46(1):1-9.
Abstract:
The attenuation of Xband dual polarimetric radar is the main problem in application of echo strength and differential reflectivity factor (〖WTBX〗Z〖WTBZ〗Hand 〖WTBX〗Z〖WTBZ〗DR). It has a strong impact on the radar detecting precision and rainfall estimation. 〖JP2〗In consideration of the quality problem of 〖WTBX〗K〖WTBZ〗DP in the low SNR situation, we used four kinds of attenuation correction methods: 〖WTBX〗Z〖WTBZ〗H-〖WTBX〗K〖WTBZ〗DP and three kinds of segmented ZPHI methods. To have a better judgment of the Foshan Xband radar correction results of different methods, we used the data of the Guangzhou Sband radar as standards. But due to the different position information of two radars, the Sband radar data must be processed by coordinate conversion and interpolation processing. Then we got data pairs with same elevation, azimuth and range. After qualitative and quantitative analysis, we find that ZPHI is superior to 〖WTBX〗Z〖WTBZ〗H-〖WTBX〗K〖WTBZ〗DP in relative deviation and correlation coefficient.
The attenuation of Xband dual polarimetric radar is the main problem in application of echo strength and differential reflectivity factor (〖WTBX〗Z〖WTBZ〗Hand 〖WTBX〗Z〖WTBZ〗DR). It has a strong impact on the radar detecting precision and rainfall estimation. 〖JP2〗In consideration of the quality problem of 〖WTBX〗K〖WTBZ〗DP in the low SNR situation, we used four kinds of attenuation correction methods: 〖WTBX〗Z〖WTBZ〗H-〖WTBX〗K〖WTBZ〗DP and three kinds of segmented ZPHI methods. To have a better judgment of the Foshan Xband radar correction results of different methods, we used the data of the Guangzhou Sband radar as standards. But due to the different position information of two radars, the Sband radar data must be processed by coordinate conversion and interpolation processing. Then we got data pairs with same elevation, azimuth and range. After qualitative and quantitative analysis, we find that ZPHI is superior to 〖WTBX〗Z〖WTBZ〗H-〖WTBX〗K〖WTBZ〗DP in relative deviation and correlation coefficient.
2018, 46(1):10-15.
Abstract:
Wind speed is the most important input factor of wind power forecasting, and the accurate wind speed forecasting is the premise and foundation of wind power prediction. In order to improve the accuracy of shortterm wind speed forecasting, the WRF model is used to predict the wind speed of a wind farm along the east coasts of China. Besides, the WRF model forecasted wind direction, air temperature, barometric pressure and other meteorological factors are combined by the PCARBF algorithm to further correct the forecasting wind speed. The results show that, after the correction of the PCARBF algorithm for the wind speed forecasting of the WRF model, the error of wind speed forecasting becomes smaller, and the relative root mean square error is reduced by 20% to 30%, and the relative mean absolute error is decreased by 15% to 20%. The PCARBF algorithm is qualified with better correction for the wind speed of WRF model forecasting compared with other intelligent algorithms (BP algorithm, LSSVM algorithm), and improves the accuracy of wind speed forecasting effectively.
Wind speed is the most important input factor of wind power forecasting, and the accurate wind speed forecasting is the premise and foundation of wind power prediction. In order to improve the accuracy of shortterm wind speed forecasting, the WRF model is used to predict the wind speed of a wind farm along the east coasts of China. Besides, the WRF model forecasted wind direction, air temperature, barometric pressure and other meteorological factors are combined by the PCARBF algorithm to further correct the forecasting wind speed. The results show that, after the correction of the PCARBF algorithm for the wind speed forecasting of the WRF model, the error of wind speed forecasting becomes smaller, and the relative root mean square error is reduced by 20% to 30%, and the relative mean absolute error is decreased by 15% to 20%. The PCARBF algorithm is qualified with better correction for the wind speed of WRF model forecasting compared with other intelligent algorithms (BP algorithm, LSSVM algorithm), and improves the accuracy of wind speed forecasting effectively.
2018, 46(1):16-28.
Abstract:
Based on the data of the TWP8L wind profiler in Shenyang, the uniformity of the atmosphere and the detection accuracy of the wind profile radar are estimated. Meanwhile, the observational data of radiosondes are also compared to get the situation that the detection accuracy of wind profiler varies with height in clear day and different precipitation conditions. The results show that the detection accuracy of the wind profile radar is relatively high below 1000 m. In a clear day and the detection range in the uniform precipitation condition, wind profilers have a higher detection accuracy in horizontal winds because the atmosphere is uniform and steady, and the symmetry of the eastwest and southnorth radial winds is better, the average deviations of〖WTBX〗 U〖WTBZ〗W-〖WTBX〗U〖WTBZ〗E and 〖WTBX〗V〖WTBZ〗S-〖WTBX〗V〖WTBZ〗N and the standard deviation are small. The wind speed accuracy of GTS1 is less than 29 m/s, with the correlation being better, and the wind profiler also has higher detection accuracy in horizontal winds. In the precipitation condition with a nouniform detection range, the symmetry of the eastwest and southnorth radial wind is poor, and the vertical velocity varies greatly; the average deviations of 〖WTBX〗U〖WTBZ〗W-〖WTBX〗U〖WTBZ〗E and 〖WTBX〗V〖WTBZ〗S-〖WTBX〗V〖WTBZ〗N and the standard deviation are big, and the wind speed accuracy of GTS1 is more than 20 m/s with the correlation being poor; the wind profiler also has a low detection accuracy in horizontal winds, so the algorithm should be amended to improve data quality and detection performance.
Based on the data of the TWP8L wind profiler in Shenyang, the uniformity of the atmosphere and the detection accuracy of the wind profile radar are estimated. Meanwhile, the observational data of radiosondes are also compared to get the situation that the detection accuracy of wind profiler varies with height in clear day and different precipitation conditions. The results show that the detection accuracy of the wind profile radar is relatively high below 1000 m. In a clear day and the detection range in the uniform precipitation condition, wind profilers have a higher detection accuracy in horizontal winds because the atmosphere is uniform and steady, and the symmetry of the eastwest and southnorth radial winds is better, the average deviations of〖WTBX〗 U〖WTBZ〗W-〖WTBX〗U〖WTBZ〗E and 〖WTBX〗V〖WTBZ〗S-〖WTBX〗V〖WTBZ〗N and the standard deviation are small. The wind speed accuracy of GTS1 is less than 29 m/s, with the correlation being better, and the wind profiler also has higher detection accuracy in horizontal winds. In the precipitation condition with a nouniform detection range, the symmetry of the eastwest and southnorth radial wind is poor, and the vertical velocity varies greatly; the average deviations of 〖WTBX〗U〖WTBZ〗W-〖WTBX〗U〖WTBZ〗E and 〖WTBX〗V〖WTBZ〗S-〖WTBX〗V〖WTBZ〗N and the standard deviation are big, and the wind speed accuracy of GTS1 is more than 20 m/s with the correlation being poor; the wind profiler also has a low detection accuracy in horizontal winds, so the algorithm should be amended to improve data quality and detection performance.
Du Chuanyao
,
Li Dong
,
Zhang Tianming
,
Song Bozhao
,
Yin Jiali
,
Wang Lu
,
Yu Liping
,
Zhang Chunbo
2018, 46(1):29-33.
Abstract:
In this paper, the measuring results of three kinds of equipment for sunshine are analyzed by using the data collected by the direct radiation sensors, FSRZ1 sunshine recorder, and DarkTube sunshine recorder from August to December in 2016The results show that: the absolute deviation and relative deviation are obviously higher on fog and haze days than those on nonfog and haze days between any two of three. The sunshine measurements from the automatic tracking direct radiation sensor are higher than those of the other two, and the measurements of the FSRZ1 sunshine recorder are lower than those of the DarkTube sunshine recorder. On nonfog and haze days, the measured values of the FSRZ1 sunshine recorder are lower than the other two, and the measurements of the DarkTube sunshine recorder are higher than those of the automatic tracking direct radiation sensor. The measurements of the Dark tube sunshine are higher or lower because of the sunshine paper problem in production. The FSRZ1 sunshine recorder is affected by cloudy weather and the measurements are lower. The measurement method of the automatic tracking direct radiation sensor is the closest to the WMO definition of sunshine duration, but in case of mechanical tracking deviation, the measurements are lower.
In this paper, the measuring results of three kinds of equipment for sunshine are analyzed by using the data collected by the direct radiation sensors, FSRZ1 sunshine recorder, and DarkTube sunshine recorder from August to December in 2016The results show that: the absolute deviation and relative deviation are obviously higher on fog and haze days than those on nonfog and haze days between any two of three. The sunshine measurements from the automatic tracking direct radiation sensor are higher than those of the other two, and the measurements of the FSRZ1 sunshine recorder are lower than those of the DarkTube sunshine recorder. On nonfog and haze days, the measured values of the FSRZ1 sunshine recorder are lower than the other two, and the measurements of the DarkTube sunshine recorder are higher than those of the automatic tracking direct radiation sensor. The measurements of the Dark tube sunshine are higher or lower because of the sunshine paper problem in production. The FSRZ1 sunshine recorder is affected by cloudy weather and the measurements are lower. The measurement method of the automatic tracking direct radiation sensor is the closest to the WMO definition of sunshine duration, but in case of mechanical tracking deviation, the measurements are lower.
5 Research and Application of Two Satellite CoorbitalTechnology for FY2 Meteorological Satellites
2018, 46(1):34-38.
Abstract:
Generally speaking, satellite observation service will be suspended for satellite operation handoff during satellite orbit readjusting. With the expansion of meteorological satellite application and the growing demand for meteorological satellite service, how to ensure continuity and stability of operational services in the satellite orbit position adjustment period has become an urgent demand. This paper studies the technical specification and effect on the operation of two satellite coorbital technology based on the framework and characteristics of the FY2 satellite and ground application system. A scheme using two satellite coorbital technology for operational seamless handover is proposed. The orbit readjusting project of FY2D, FY2E, FY2F and FY2G satellites was realized by using the satellite coorbital and seamless handover technology without service interruption and quality deterioration.
Generally speaking, satellite observation service will be suspended for satellite operation handoff during satellite orbit readjusting. With the expansion of meteorological satellite application and the growing demand for meteorological satellite service, how to ensure continuity and stability of operational services in the satellite orbit position adjustment period has become an urgent demand. This paper studies the technical specification and effect on the operation of two satellite coorbital technology based on the framework and characteristics of the FY2 satellite and ground application system. A scheme using two satellite coorbital technology for operational seamless handover is proposed. The orbit readjusting project of FY2D, FY2E, FY2F and FY2G satellites was realized by using the satellite coorbital and seamless handover technology without service interruption and quality deterioration.
2018, 46(1):39-42.
Abstract:
The existence of noise and interference results in the occurrence of abnormal data such as mosaic and losing signals in the receiving process of satellite cloud pictures. Relying upon artificial detection and positioning, the work efficiency and the accuracy cannot be guaranteed. An abnormal data detection method of satellite cloud pictures is studied in this paper based on Hough Transform, which improved the direction of the edge detection operator to aim at the problem of the high requirement of realtime satellite cloud pictures and largeamount calculation of traditional Hough Transform combining with the characteristics of abnormal data. Experiment results show that the improved algorithm improved the arithmetic speed by 30%. It realizes the accurate positioning and rapid detection of satellite cloud picture abnormal data and has great significance for the interference source investigation and the improvement of the reception quality of satellite cloud images in the future.
The existence of noise and interference results in the occurrence of abnormal data such as mosaic and losing signals in the receiving process of satellite cloud pictures. Relying upon artificial detection and positioning, the work efficiency and the accuracy cannot be guaranteed. An abnormal data detection method of satellite cloud pictures is studied in this paper based on Hough Transform, which improved the direction of the edge detection operator to aim at the problem of the high requirement of realtime satellite cloud pictures and largeamount calculation of traditional Hough Transform combining with the characteristics of abnormal data. Experiment results show that the improved algorithm improved the arithmetic speed by 30%. It realizes the accurate positioning and rapid detection of satellite cloud picture abnormal data and has great significance for the interference source investigation and the improvement of the reception quality of satellite cloud images in the future.
2018, 46(1):43-50.
Abstract:
The application of FY2 operational products which produced by the National Satellite Meteorological Center (NSMC) and distributed by CMACast, especial for good quantitative products, is needed to be strengthened. In this study, we successfully decoded and visualized the FY2G AMV and OLR products automatically using Python, and compared the results with SWAP software. The results show that the images produced by Python and SWAP are quite the same, but wind bars are more evenly distributed for the AMV discrete field data produced by Python, and the products produced by the Gouraud Shading method supported by Python is more smooth than those by the Flat Shading method used in SWAP for the OLR grid field data. According to the automatic and aesthetic advantages of Python visualized reality, the method has great potential in the operational meteorological application.
The application of FY2 operational products which produced by the National Satellite Meteorological Center (NSMC) and distributed by CMACast, especial for good quantitative products, is needed to be strengthened. In this study, we successfully decoded and visualized the FY2G AMV and OLR products automatically using Python, and compared the results with SWAP software. The results show that the images produced by Python and SWAP are quite the same, but wind bars are more evenly distributed for the AMV discrete field data produced by Python, and the products produced by the Gouraud Shading method supported by Python is more smooth than those by the Flat Shading method used in SWAP for the OLR grid field data. According to the automatic and aesthetic advantages of Python visualized reality, the method has great potential in the operational meteorological application.
2018, 46(1):51-55.
Abstract:
Because most servo components are in a longperiod mechanical operation, and the complex lines, the CINRAD/SA weather radar servo system failure rate has been high. Aiming at the heavy task and high requirement of newgeneration weather radar maintenance, it is proposed to realize the realtime control of the spare part status of the CINRAD/SA servo system by a testing equipment, so to reduce the uncertainty of the replacement servo components. The replacement can be used at the same time, while the fault spare parts can be repaired by the testing equipment, to further shorten the radar maintenance time, improve the availability of radar, and save the maintenance cost. The system composition, hardware and software design, fault diagnosis, and test method of the CINRAD/SA radar servo system testing tool are introduced.
Because most servo components are in a longperiod mechanical operation, and the complex lines, the CINRAD/SA weather radar servo system failure rate has been high. Aiming at the heavy task and high requirement of newgeneration weather radar maintenance, it is proposed to realize the realtime control of the spare part status of the CINRAD/SA servo system by a testing equipment, so to reduce the uncertainty of the replacement servo components. The replacement can be used at the same time, while the fault spare parts can be repaired by the testing equipment, to further shorten the radar maintenance time, improve the availability of radar, and save the maintenance cost. The system composition, hardware and software design, fault diagnosis, and test method of the CINRAD/SA radar servo system testing tool are introduced.
2018, 46(1):56-63.
Abstract:
It is a major problem in the common calibration methods of automatic observation instrument for raindrop spectrum precipitation phenomenon in China at present that only the particle diameter and speed at a standard can be simulated; the diameter of the particle can be measured, but the velocity of the particle cannot be measured exactly; only smaller diameter particles and spherical precipitation particles can be simulated, but other shapes of precipitation particles cannot be simulated; the various types of precipitation particle diameter and speed cannot be covered, and so on. According to the needs of meteorological service, this paper elaborates a newtype integrated test system of raindrop spectrum precipitation phenomenon observation instrument from the design basis of simulated precipitation particles, the components of the integrated raindrop spectrum precipitation phenomenon observation instrument test system, the measurement methods and measurement accuracy of precipitation particle diameter and falling speed and so on. Through simulating particles with different diameters and velocities covering multiple types of precipitation, the measurement accuracy can be detected. This paper provides some standards and references for the domestic calibration and detection of raindrop spectrum precipitation automatic observation instrument in the future.
It is a major problem in the common calibration methods of automatic observation instrument for raindrop spectrum precipitation phenomenon in China at present that only the particle diameter and speed at a standard can be simulated; the diameter of the particle can be measured, but the velocity of the particle cannot be measured exactly; only smaller diameter particles and spherical precipitation particles can be simulated, but other shapes of precipitation particles cannot be simulated; the various types of precipitation particle diameter and speed cannot be covered, and so on. According to the needs of meteorological service, this paper elaborates a newtype integrated test system of raindrop spectrum precipitation phenomenon observation instrument from the design basis of simulated precipitation particles, the components of the integrated raindrop spectrum precipitation phenomenon observation instrument test system, the measurement methods and measurement accuracy of precipitation particle diameter and falling speed and so on. Through simulating particles with different diameters and velocities covering multiple types of precipitation, the measurement accuracy can be detected. This paper provides some standards and references for the domestic calibration and detection of raindrop spectrum precipitation automatic observation instrument in the future.
2018, 46(1):64-75.
Abstract:
The impact of topography on precipitation plays a remarkable role in prediction of the distribution and intensity of precipitation. Taking into account the complexity of topography, the study on orographic precipitation is associated with the promoting of precipitation forecasting. Therefore, the investigations of orographic effects on precipitation give rise to extensive attention. By overviewing current researches on the orographic effects on precipitation during the past 10 years in China, the mechanisms of orographic dynamical effect and cloud microphysics are analyzed. Some core results about every region in China, which are based on numerical simulation, are outlined, emphasizing on mesoscale, frontal and tropical cyclone precipitation. Finally, the current research status and main issues needed to be further study are discussed.
The impact of topography on precipitation plays a remarkable role in prediction of the distribution and intensity of precipitation. Taking into account the complexity of topography, the study on orographic precipitation is associated with the promoting of precipitation forecasting. Therefore, the investigations of orographic effects on precipitation give rise to extensive attention. By overviewing current researches on the orographic effects on precipitation during the past 10 years in China, the mechanisms of orographic dynamical effect and cloud microphysics are analyzed. Some core results about every region in China, which are based on numerical simulation, are outlined, emphasizing on mesoscale, frontal and tropical cyclone precipitation. Finally, the current research status and main issues needed to be further study are discussed.
2018, 46(1):76-83.
Abstract:
the vortexes such as Southwest Vortex (SWV) and Plateau Vortex (PV) on Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the area nearby are the systems which cause catastrophic heavy rainfall in China, remain an important research field in plateau meteorology. Focused on vortex systems related to the plateau, the current findings on the structure characteristics and the evolution mechanisms of SWV and PV are summarized, and the progresses achieved in the related fields are discussed; besides, some questions which remain to further research are proposed.
the vortexes such as Southwest Vortex (SWV) and Plateau Vortex (PV) on Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the area nearby are the systems which cause catastrophic heavy rainfall in China, remain an important research field in plateau meteorology. Focused on vortex systems related to the plateau, the current findings on the structure characteristics and the evolution mechanisms of SWV and PV are summarized, and the progresses achieved in the related fields are discussed; besides, some questions which remain to further research are proposed.
Yang Guanying
,
Deng Xueliang
,
Zhou Guangqiang
,
Wu Biwen
,
Gao Wei
,
Huo Yanfeng
,
Yu Caixia
,
Zhai Jing
2018, 46(1):84-91.
Abstract:
In order to understand the PM25 concentration forecasting performance over Anhui Province, the forecasting results of the Operational Forecasting System for Atmospheric Environment over East China based on the WRFChem Model is evaluated in combination with the observation data from June 2015 to May 2016 The results show that: (1) The correlation between the modelforecasted values and the observed is good, and the prediction performance of different lead times can reach “excellent.” (2) The spatial distribution of the mean forecast bias is negative in North Anhui and positive in South Anhui. (3) The mean biases of the 24hour forecasts in the summer and autumn of 2015 were negative in the northeast Anhui and positive in other regions. In the winter of 2015 and spring of 2016, the mean biases for the northeastern Anhui province and south of the Yangtze River were negative. The mean bias of the 14 cities in different seasons was within ±30 μg〖DK〗·m-3. (4) The missing rate was bigger than the false alarm ratio in moderate and above pollution days for most cities in Anhui Province.
In order to understand the PM25 concentration forecasting performance over Anhui Province, the forecasting results of the Operational Forecasting System for Atmospheric Environment over East China based on the WRFChem Model is evaluated in combination with the observation data from June 2015 to May 2016 The results show that: (1) The correlation between the modelforecasted values and the observed is good, and the prediction performance of different lead times can reach “excellent.” (2) The spatial distribution of the mean forecast bias is negative in North Anhui and positive in South Anhui. (3) The mean biases of the 24hour forecasts in the summer and autumn of 2015 were negative in the northeast Anhui and positive in other regions. In the winter of 2015 and spring of 2016, the mean biases for the northeastern Anhui province and south of the Yangtze River were negative. The mean bias of the 14 cities in different seasons was within ±30 μg〖DK〗·m-3. (4) The missing rate was bigger than the false alarm ratio in moderate and above pollution days for most cities in Anhui Province.
2018, 46(1):92-101.
Abstract:
Based on the 3hour hourly data of air temperature from 99 stations in Shaanxi Province in spring and summer of 2016, the 3hour temperature forecast performance of the ECMWF highresolution model (0 to 72 hours) and the 6hour temperature forecast performance (78 to 240 hours) are evaluated. The results show that the accuracies of air temperature with the forecast error less than 1 ℃ and 2 ℃ are 30% to 50% and 55% to 85% before 72 hours, 10% to 30% and 25% to 55% after 96 hours at most observation stations of Shaanxi Province. The accuracy of air temperature forecasted starting at 00:00 GMT is higher than that forecasted starting at 12:00 GMT, and the accuracy in summer is higher than that in spring. With the increase of forecast lead time, the capability and stability of numerical forecasting of air temperature decrease wavily, and their diurnal variation is obvious. The capability and the stability from 15:00 GMT to 03:00 GMT next day are better than those from 06:00 GMT to 12:00 GMT. There was a high correlation between numerical forecast and observation, but elevation difference between model surface and observation site influences the quality of numerical temperature forecast greatly. To some degree, a method of terrain height revision can improve the numerical forecast accuracy of air temperature, which put the variation of air temperature in the vertical direction and the elevation difference between model surface and observation site into consideration. The method for correcting air temperature forecast has positive correction effectiveness for most areas in Shaanxi Province, but it is problematic and needs for further research.
Based on the 3hour hourly data of air temperature from 99 stations in Shaanxi Province in spring and summer of 2016, the 3hour temperature forecast performance of the ECMWF highresolution model (0 to 72 hours) and the 6hour temperature forecast performance (78 to 240 hours) are evaluated. The results show that the accuracies of air temperature with the forecast error less than 1 ℃ and 2 ℃ are 30% to 50% and 55% to 85% before 72 hours, 10% to 30% and 25% to 55% after 96 hours at most observation stations of Shaanxi Province. The accuracy of air temperature forecasted starting at 00:00 GMT is higher than that forecasted starting at 12:00 GMT, and the accuracy in summer is higher than that in spring. With the increase of forecast lead time, the capability and stability of numerical forecasting of air temperature decrease wavily, and their diurnal variation is obvious. The capability and the stability from 15:00 GMT to 03:00 GMT next day are better than those from 06:00 GMT to 12:00 GMT. There was a high correlation between numerical forecast and observation, but elevation difference between model surface and observation site influences the quality of numerical temperature forecast greatly. To some degree, a method of terrain height revision can improve the numerical forecast accuracy of air temperature, which put the variation of air temperature in the vertical direction and the elevation difference between model surface and observation site into consideration. The method for correcting air temperature forecast has positive correction effectiveness for most areas in Shaanxi Province, but it is problematic and needs for further research.
Cao Pingping
,
Xiao Dixiang
,
Xu Dongfu
,
Wang Jiajin
,
Fan Jianglin
,
Liu Ying
,
Feng Liangmin
,
Kang Lan
,
Feng Hanzhong
2018, 46(1):102-111.
Abstract:
Using the precipitation observations and SWCWARMS forecasts from May to October, from 2014 to 2015, based on the probability matching method, we analyze the characteristics of mean rain forecast deviation. An experiment is performed to correct the 12hour cumulative precipitation forecast from June to August of 2016 by taking the division and pointtopoint matching plans. The results show that: (1) After calibration, the mean (absolute) error reduces, and the rain area and average intensity are more similar to the observed. (2) The effectiveness of correction is more obvious with larger forecast deviation, and the method performs better at night than in the day time. (3) The division plan works better than the other one for the model systematic deviation; that is to say, a reasonable division to increase statistical samples can improve the effectiveness of correction.
Using the precipitation observations and SWCWARMS forecasts from May to October, from 2014 to 2015, based on the probability matching method, we analyze the characteristics of mean rain forecast deviation. An experiment is performed to correct the 12hour cumulative precipitation forecast from June to August of 2016 by taking the division and pointtopoint matching plans. The results show that: (1) After calibration, the mean (absolute) error reduces, and the rain area and average intensity are more similar to the observed. (2) The effectiveness of correction is more obvious with larger forecast deviation, and the method performs better at night than in the day time. (3) The division plan works better than the other one for the model systematic deviation; that is to say, a reasonable division to increase statistical samples can improve the effectiveness of correction.
15 Prediction Effectiveness Verification of ECMWF Fine GridModel for Air Temperature in Qingdao Region
2018, 46(1):112-120.
Abstract:
Based on the temperature data collected by 7 stations in Qingdao and the 2meter ECMWF fine grid forecast data form 2013 to 2015, the forecast effectiveness of the EC model is verified in different seasons and synoptic systems. The results show that the forecast errors in coastal regions are greater than those in the inland, and the effectiveness becomes worse with the increase of lead time. Maximum temperature forecast has negative errors except the Jiaozhou station, and minimum temperature forecast has positive errors for the Qingdao, Pingdu, Laixi stations, and negative errors for the rest. The maximum temperature forecasts in March and April, as well as August and September, are not so stable, while the minimum temperature forecasts in the summer half year are better than those in the winter half year. According to the regularity of the errors, the amended reference values of the 7 stations are given. After correction, the forecast effectiveness is improved obviously, 3% to 16% for maximum temperature, and 4% to 18% for minimum temperature. The forecast performance in different weather is also different: in rainstorm, severe convection, high temperature, warmer, temperature dropping weather, the maximum temperature forecast is lower, and the minimum temperature forecast is lower in winter fog weather; when there is radiation cooling, the minimum temperature forecasts are lower at the coastal stations in the south and higher at the inland stations in the north.
Based on the temperature data collected by 7 stations in Qingdao and the 2meter ECMWF fine grid forecast data form 2013 to 2015, the forecast effectiveness of the EC model is verified in different seasons and synoptic systems. The results show that the forecast errors in coastal regions are greater than those in the inland, and the effectiveness becomes worse with the increase of lead time. Maximum temperature forecast has negative errors except the Jiaozhou station, and minimum temperature forecast has positive errors for the Qingdao, Pingdu, Laixi stations, and negative errors for the rest. The maximum temperature forecasts in March and April, as well as August and September, are not so stable, while the minimum temperature forecasts in the summer half year are better than those in the winter half year. According to the regularity of the errors, the amended reference values of the 7 stations are given. After correction, the forecast effectiveness is improved obviously, 3% to 16% for maximum temperature, and 4% to 18% for minimum temperature. The forecast performance in different weather is also different: in rainstorm, severe convection, high temperature, warmer, temperature dropping weather, the maximum temperature forecast is lower, and the minimum temperature forecast is lower in winter fog weather; when there is radiation cooling, the minimum temperature forecasts are lower at the coastal stations in the south and higher at the inland stations in the north.
2018, 46(1):121-128.
Abstract:
An analysis is made of the evolution characteristics of a MCS during a torrential rain in Sichuan and Chongqing, using the conventional observation, automatic ground station, wind profiler, Doppler radar, and NCEP/NCAR 1°×1° reanalysis data. The results show that: (1) The torrential rainfall and MCS exhibited the evolution features of enhancingreducingenhancing again during the rain. Heavy precipitation supercells and mesoscaleγ cyclones appeared in the MCS enhancement phase. (2) The MCS was generated and maintained inside the ascending branch of the secondary circulation in front of Southwest Vortex, which moved eastward slowly and enhanced continuously and provided favorable background dynamic conditions for the longterm maintenance of the MCS. (3) The fluctuating evolution characteristics of the MCS are not consistent with the persistent enhancement characteristics of Southwest Vortex. The fluctuating evolution of the MCS was related to the changes of Southwest Jet or South Jet in the low and middle levels and the warmwet inflows in the low level and on the ground. The enhancement of the Southwest Jet or South Jet in the lower and middle levels and the enhancement of the warmwet inflows in the lowlevel and on the ground all provided favorable conditions for the enhancement of MCS.
An analysis is made of the evolution characteristics of a MCS during a torrential rain in Sichuan and Chongqing, using the conventional observation, automatic ground station, wind profiler, Doppler radar, and NCEP/NCAR 1°×1° reanalysis data. The results show that: (1) The torrential rainfall and MCS exhibited the evolution features of enhancingreducingenhancing again during the rain. Heavy precipitation supercells and mesoscaleγ cyclones appeared in the MCS enhancement phase. (2) The MCS was generated and maintained inside the ascending branch of the secondary circulation in front of Southwest Vortex, which moved eastward slowly and enhanced continuously and provided favorable background dynamic conditions for the longterm maintenance of the MCS. (3) The fluctuating evolution characteristics of the MCS are not consistent with the persistent enhancement characteristics of Southwest Vortex. The fluctuating evolution of the MCS was related to the changes of Southwest Jet or South Jet in the low and middle levels and the warmwet inflows in the low level and on the ground. The enhancement of the Southwest Jet or South Jet in the lower and middle levels and the enhancement of the warmwet inflows in the lowlevel and on the ground all provided favorable conditions for the enhancement of MCS.
2018, 46(1):129-138.
Abstract:
By using the WRF model, groundbased GPS data, and conventional observational data, combining with the high spatialresolution (10 km) WRF model output data and high timeresolution (30 min) GPSPrecipitable Water Vapor (GPSPWV) data, a heavy precipitation process in the Sichuan basin is synthetically analyzed, especially on the vapor variation characteristics and the relationship between various physical quantities and GPSPWV data. The results show the heavy precipitation event was caused by the interaction of the plateau vortex and the southwest vortex, and the WRF model can simulate the rainfall area and intensity well. The increase and decrease trends of atmospheric precipitable water vapor simulated by WRF fit with GPSPWV. The vertical distribution of water vapor density reflected the distribution of precipitable water vapor, and the water vapor density decreased while the height increased. At the beginning of the precipitation, the water vapor density decreased quickly while the height increased. At the strong stage of the precipitation, the water vapor density decreased slowly while the height increased. The water vapor convergence resulted in the increasing of water vapor density and precipitable water vapor. The change of the divergence term of the wind agreed with the vapor flux divergence. The advection term of the water vapor had less contribution to the water vapor flux convergence. The convergence of the water vapor was mainly caused by the convergence of the wind field.
By using the WRF model, groundbased GPS data, and conventional observational data, combining with the high spatialresolution (10 km) WRF model output data and high timeresolution (30 min) GPSPrecipitable Water Vapor (GPSPWV) data, a heavy precipitation process in the Sichuan basin is synthetically analyzed, especially on the vapor variation characteristics and the relationship between various physical quantities and GPSPWV data. The results show the heavy precipitation event was caused by the interaction of the plateau vortex and the southwest vortex, and the WRF model can simulate the rainfall area and intensity well. The increase and decrease trends of atmospheric precipitable water vapor simulated by WRF fit with GPSPWV. The vertical distribution of water vapor density reflected the distribution of precipitable water vapor, and the water vapor density decreased while the height increased. At the beginning of the precipitation, the water vapor density decreased quickly while the height increased. At the strong stage of the precipitation, the water vapor density decreased slowly while the height increased. The water vapor convergence resulted in the increasing of water vapor density and precipitable water vapor. The change of the divergence term of the wind agreed with the vapor flux divergence. The advection term of the water vapor had less contribution to the water vapor flux convergence. The convergence of the water vapor was mainly caused by the convergence of the wind field.
2018, 46(1):139-148.
Abstract:
By means of the routine observations, surface AWS data, NCEP/FNL Operational Global Analysis data, Doppler weather radar data, wind profiler radar data and GPSPWV data, we conduct an analysis of the extraordinary rainstorm in Jiangsu on 11 July 2016 The results indicate: (1) The residual low of Typhoon Nepartak, upper cold vortex and subtropical high were the advantageous synoptic background of this extraordinary rainstorm. The large cyclonic curvature at the top of the inverted trough and the pressure reduction of high trough caused a mesoαscale low in South Jiangsu, merging with the residual low enhanced the pressure gradient, which resulted in the increase of kinetic energy, leading to the formation of a southwest low level jet (LLJ), which is beneficial to the formation of the rainstorm. Three mesoβscale vortexes (D1, D2 and D3) are formed successively in the mesoαscale low, and the extraordinary rainstorm in Nantong developed with D3, with the center located around Nantong University, with the biggest rain intensity being 1512 mm〖DK〗·h-1. (2) The convective storm was triggered by the mesoαscale low in Nantong, and the precipitation latent heat release enhanced the upward motion, which benefited the formation and development of the mesoscale easterly low level jet and mesoβscale vortex D3 located in left. Meanwhile the middlelevel colddry air intrusion enhanced convective instability and vertical wind shear, multiplied the low centerofmass mesoγscale vortexes, continued to develop, and moved slowly, and then heavy precipitation continued and increased abruptly. (3) The sudden enhancement of the vertical wind shear appeared before the peak time of the rainstorm for 30 minutes early, and lowlevel velocity convergence (divergence) were obvious ahead of development (weakening) of the convective storm. The conclusions can provide valuable reference to nowcasting.
By means of the routine observations, surface AWS data, NCEP/FNL Operational Global Analysis data, Doppler weather radar data, wind profiler radar data and GPSPWV data, we conduct an analysis of the extraordinary rainstorm in Jiangsu on 11 July 2016 The results indicate: (1) The residual low of Typhoon Nepartak, upper cold vortex and subtropical high were the advantageous synoptic background of this extraordinary rainstorm. The large cyclonic curvature at the top of the inverted trough and the pressure reduction of high trough caused a mesoαscale low in South Jiangsu, merging with the residual low enhanced the pressure gradient, which resulted in the increase of kinetic energy, leading to the formation of a southwest low level jet (LLJ), which is beneficial to the formation of the rainstorm. Three mesoβscale vortexes (D1, D2 and D3) are formed successively in the mesoαscale low, and the extraordinary rainstorm in Nantong developed with D3, with the center located around Nantong University, with the biggest rain intensity being 1512 mm〖DK〗·h-1. (2) The convective storm was triggered by the mesoαscale low in Nantong, and the precipitation latent heat release enhanced the upward motion, which benefited the formation and development of the mesoscale easterly low level jet and mesoβscale vortex D3 located in left. Meanwhile the middlelevel colddry air intrusion enhanced convective instability and vertical wind shear, multiplied the low centerofmass mesoγscale vortexes, continued to develop, and moved slowly, and then heavy precipitation continued and increased abruptly. (3) The sudden enhancement of the vertical wind shear appeared before the peak time of the rainstorm for 30 minutes early, and lowlevel velocity convergence (divergence) were obvious ahead of development (weakening) of the convective storm. The conclusions can provide valuable reference to nowcasting.
2018, 46(1):149-154.
Abstract:
By using the reanalysis data of NCEP/NCAR and the historical meteorological data of 14 cities in Guangxi, the corresponding weather systems of 233 haze days from 2009 to 2013 in Guangxi are classified by the synoptic method. The weather systems of Guangxi haze days are divided into 8 types: the cold high pressure ridge control, the rear of high pressure moving to the sea, the low pressure trough, the uniform pattern of pressure, the front of cold front, the subtropical high control, the warm area of stationary front, and the peripheral of tropical cyclone. The characteristics of each type and their role in the haze formation in Guangxi are studied. Results indicate that the cold high pressure ridge control, the rear of high pressure moving to the sea, the low pressure trough, and the uniform pattern of pressure types are the four main circulation types which induce more haze days in Guangxi while the warm area of stationary front and the peripheral of tropical cyclone types induce less haze days. The haze processes resulted from the cold high pressure ridge control and the subtropical high control types lasts longer, and those from the front of cold front type have the shortest duration. The small ground wind speed and the sinking airflow at the low and medium altitudes are the common characteristics of all kinds of weather types for haze days.
By using the reanalysis data of NCEP/NCAR and the historical meteorological data of 14 cities in Guangxi, the corresponding weather systems of 233 haze days from 2009 to 2013 in Guangxi are classified by the synoptic method. The weather systems of Guangxi haze days are divided into 8 types: the cold high pressure ridge control, the rear of high pressure moving to the sea, the low pressure trough, the uniform pattern of pressure, the front of cold front, the subtropical high control, the warm area of stationary front, and the peripheral of tropical cyclone. The characteristics of each type and their role in the haze formation in Guangxi are studied. Results indicate that the cold high pressure ridge control, the rear of high pressure moving to the sea, the low pressure trough, and the uniform pattern of pressure types are the four main circulation types which induce more haze days in Guangxi while the warm area of stationary front and the peripheral of tropical cyclone types induce less haze days. The haze processes resulted from the cold high pressure ridge control and the subtropical high control types lasts longer, and those from the front of cold front type have the shortest duration. The small ground wind speed and the sinking airflow at the low and medium altitudes are the common characteristics of all kinds of weather types for haze days.
2018, 46(1):155-162.
Abstract:
Using the climate diagnosis method of wavelet analysis, power spectrum analysis and climate trend coefficient, and climate tendency rate, the climate change law and periodic characteristics of high temperature of the southern Jiangsu Province in 65 years are analyzed from the aspects of the number of high temperature days, annual average maximum temperature, and annual extreme maximum temperature by taking Changzhou as an example. The results show that there are decadal fluctuation characteristics in the number of hightempera〖JP2〗ture days, a downtrend from 1950s to 1980s， but a rising trend after the 1980’s. 〖JP〗There was a very significant difference in the number of high temperature days between 2000s and 1980s and significant difference between 2000s and 1970s. The average maximum temperature experienced several decadal change stages, including warming, cooling, slow warming, rapid warming and so on, but the overall trend was warming. The decadal variation of the number of hightemperature days was remarkable; the difference between maximum and minimum was 48 For the number of annual high temperature days, the annual average maximum temperature, and the annual extreme maximum temperature, the climate trend coefficient and climate tendency rate were greater than 0 There was 15year cycle characteristic in annual average maximum temperature.
Using the climate diagnosis method of wavelet analysis, power spectrum analysis and climate trend coefficient, and climate tendency rate, the climate change law and periodic characteristics of high temperature of the southern Jiangsu Province in 65 years are analyzed from the aspects of the number of high temperature days, annual average maximum temperature, and annual extreme maximum temperature by taking Changzhou as an example. The results show that there are decadal fluctuation characteristics in the number of hightempera〖JP2〗ture days, a downtrend from 1950s to 1980s， but a rising trend after the 1980’s. 〖JP〗There was a very significant difference in the number of high temperature days between 2000s and 1980s and significant difference between 2000s and 1970s. The average maximum temperature experienced several decadal change stages, including warming, cooling, slow warming, rapid warming and so on, but the overall trend was warming. The decadal variation of the number of hightemperature days was remarkable; the difference between maximum and minimum was 48 For the number of annual high temperature days, the annual average maximum temperature, and the annual extreme maximum temperature, the climate trend coefficient and climate tendency rate were greater than 0 There was 15year cycle characteristic in annual average maximum temperature.
2018, 46(1):163-169.
Abstract:
Tornadoes often occur in Guangdong Province in China, which have brought heavy casualties and property losses in recent years. To detect and warn tornadoes, a dualpolarization Xband Doppler radar CINRAD/XD has been built in Foshan. In the afternoon of 4 October 2015, a significant tornado occurred near Foshan, at the tip of the hook echo of a mini supercell. High differential reflectivity 〖WTBX〗Z〖WTBZ〗HH, low 〖WTBX〗Z〖WTBZ〗DR, and low zerolag correlation coefficient have been detected associated with the tornado at low levels. Analysis shows that it is the tornadic debris signatures caused by lofted tornadic debris.
Tornadoes often occur in Guangdong Province in China, which have brought heavy casualties and property losses in recent years. To detect and warn tornadoes, a dualpolarization Xband Doppler radar CINRAD/XD has been built in Foshan. In the afternoon of 4 October 2015, a significant tornado occurred near Foshan, at the tip of the hook echo of a mini supercell. High differential reflectivity 〖WTBX〗Z〖WTBZ〗HH, low 〖WTBX〗Z〖WTBZ〗DR, and low zerolag correlation coefficient have been detected associated with the tornado at low levels. Analysis shows that it is the tornadic debris signatures caused by lofted tornadic debris.
2018, 46(1):170-177.
Abstract:
By using the probe of DMT (Droplet Measurement Technologies), the aircraft icing in nonprecipitation clouds on 12 April in 2014 over Yichang and its surrounding areas were probed. The vertical distributions show that the number concentrations of CAS (Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer), CIP (Cloud Imaging Probe) and PIP (Precipitation Imaging Probe) are greater than 300 cm-3, 1 cm-3 and 10-5 cm-3, respectively. The maximum median diameters are 3 μm, 89 μm and 1389 μm, respectively. The spectral distribution shows that the gravitational collision and riming processes result in forming a wider spectra at 3650 m, while relatively narrow below 3650 m, where particles grow mainly depend on condensation process, big cloud particles and ice crystals are dropping from upper levels. The horizontal probe shows that the number concentrations of CAS and CIP at 3350 m are greater than those at 3650 m, while the number concentration of PIP, the median diameter and the maximum median diameter are opposite. The time series of horizontal probe show that the number concentration and the median diameter at 3350 m have an inverse relationship, and the number concentration and the median diameter of big cloud particles and ice crystals are fluctuant.
By using the probe of DMT (Droplet Measurement Technologies), the aircraft icing in nonprecipitation clouds on 12 April in 2014 over Yichang and its surrounding areas were probed. The vertical distributions show that the number concentrations of CAS (Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer), CIP (Cloud Imaging Probe) and PIP (Precipitation Imaging Probe) are greater than 300 cm-3, 1 cm-3 and 10-5 cm-3, respectively. The maximum median diameters are 3 μm, 89 μm and 1389 μm, respectively. The spectral distribution shows that the gravitational collision and riming processes result in forming a wider spectra at 3650 m, while relatively narrow below 3650 m, where particles grow mainly depend on condensation process, big cloud particles and ice crystals are dropping from upper levels. The horizontal probe shows that the number concentrations of CAS and CIP at 3350 m are greater than those at 3650 m, while the number concentration of PIP, the median diameter and the maximum median diameter are opposite. The time series of horizontal probe show that the number concentration and the median diameter at 3350 m have an inverse relationship, and the number concentration and the median diameter of big cloud particles and ice crystals are fluctuant.
2018, 46(1):178-181.
Abstract:
Using the observation data of wires icing in 16 meteorological stations and surrounding radiosonde stations from 1970 to 2010, we divide Jiangxi Province into north, middle and south zones, and use the composite method to analyze the characteristics of wire icing and temperature stratification in Jiangxi Province. The results indicate: (1) Jiangxi’s wire icing days are reducing year by year, and maintain a low level after the 1990s. (2) Rainrime wire icing is common in Jiangxi Province, more frequent in the northern and central Jiangxi. (3) For the northern Jiangxi, fog rime is more liable to happen after rain rime, causing continuous wire icing. (4) Temperature stratification of rainrime wire icing accords with the ThreeTiers model〖WTBX〗 〖WTBZ〗in the northern and central Jiangxi. The average meltinglayer temperature is 15 ℃, and the strong inversion layer is between 800 and 900 hPa. The southern Jiangxi is similar to the OneTier model, with the whole level of temperature below 0 ℃.
Using the observation data of wires icing in 16 meteorological stations and surrounding radiosonde stations from 1970 to 2010, we divide Jiangxi Province into north, middle and south zones, and use the composite method to analyze the characteristics of wire icing and temperature stratification in Jiangxi Province. The results indicate: (1) Jiangxi’s wire icing days are reducing year by year, and maintain a low level after the 1990s. (2) Rainrime wire icing is common in Jiangxi Province, more frequent in the northern and central Jiangxi. (3) For the northern Jiangxi, fog rime is more liable to happen after rain rime, causing continuous wire icing. (4) Temperature stratification of rainrime wire icing accords with the ThreeTiers model〖WTBX〗 〖WTBZ〗in the northern and central Jiangxi. The average meltinglayer temperature is 15 ℃, and the strong inversion layer is between 800 and 900 hPa. The southern Jiangxi is similar to the OneTier model, with the whole level of temperature below 0 ℃.
2018, 46(1):182-188.
Abstract:
From the respects of disastercausing factors, disasterbreeding environment and disaster bearing body, the article studies disaster risk assessment and zoning methods, according to the natural disaster system theory and the natural disaster risk assessment theory, taking Sanming of Fujian as an example, by use of meteorological data and geographic information data, social economic development scale, population density, land use status and lightning disaster data, by means of the statistical method and disaster analysis, questionnaires and other methods to establish the quantitative relationship between evaluation index and risk assessment and GIS technology to overlay the vulnerability elements. Then on the platform of GIS, all the data are put into the 1 km×1 km grids, processed and quantized and then the vulnerability of lightning disaster risk zoning map and the fine zonation model of lightning disaster vulnerability are gained based on the GIS overlay method. This system has good application potentials for the development of lightning protection and disaster reduction capability of meteorological public services and is of great significance to carry out monitoring, early lightning warning and forecast, and lightning protection and disaster reduction researches.
From the respects of disastercausing factors, disasterbreeding environment and disaster bearing body, the article studies disaster risk assessment and zoning methods, according to the natural disaster system theory and the natural disaster risk assessment theory, taking Sanming of Fujian as an example, by use of meteorological data and geographic information data, social economic development scale, population density, land use status and lightning disaster data, by means of the statistical method and disaster analysis, questionnaires and other methods to establish the quantitative relationship between evaluation index and risk assessment and GIS technology to overlay the vulnerability elements. Then on the platform of GIS, all the data are put into the 1 km×1 km grids, processed and quantized and then the vulnerability of lightning disaster risk zoning map and the fine zonation model of lightning disaster vulnerability are gained based on the GIS overlay method. This system has good application potentials for the development of lightning protection and disaster reduction capability of meteorological public services and is of great significance to carry out monitoring, early lightning warning and forecast, and lightning protection and disaster reduction researches.
Qu Xiaoli
,
Zhang Di
,
Guo Rui
,
Zhao Zengbao
,
Wu Huiqin
,
Fan Junhong
,
Qi Yuchao
,
Zhang Chengwei
2018, 46(1):189-193.
Abstract:
By using the data from December 2011 to November 2015 in Hebei Province, including the data from 156 traffic meteorological stations along 11 expressways, the fog disasters of 142 meteorological stations, traffic accidents and closingcontrol measures on expressway caused by fog, average daily traffic volume and road network density on expressway, the risk zoning model of fog disaster is established based on the dangerousness of Hazard factors, the spatial fragile and vulnerability of the disaster bodies, and the fog disaster risk zoning map of expressway in Hebei Province is given. The results show: (1) The risk grades of fog disasters on expressways in the northern Hebei Province, the western mountains and the coastal areas of Cangzhou are at the lower level; however, those of fog disasters on expressways in the eastern and southern plains are at the higher level, which can provide a reference for the traffic safety management department. (2) Frequent heavy fog events, traffic accidents and the wide range of fog are the reasons leading to the rising risk grads of fog disasters on expressway.
By using the data from December 2011 to November 2015 in Hebei Province, including the data from 156 traffic meteorological stations along 11 expressways, the fog disasters of 142 meteorological stations, traffic accidents and closingcontrol measures on expressway caused by fog, average daily traffic volume and road network density on expressway, the risk zoning model of fog disaster is established based on the dangerousness of Hazard factors, the spatial fragile and vulnerability of the disaster bodies, and the fog disaster risk zoning map of expressway in Hebei Province is given. The results show: (1) The risk grades of fog disasters on expressways in the northern Hebei Province, the western mountains and the coastal areas of Cangzhou are at the lower level; however, those of fog disasters on expressways in the eastern and southern plains are at the higher level, which can provide a reference for the traffic safety management department. (2) Frequent heavy fog events, traffic accidents and the wide range of fog are the reasons leading to the rising risk grads of fog disasters on expressway.
2018, 46(1):194-199.
Abstract:
In order to overcome the problem that the high resolution numerical model is difficult to be applied in the operational forecasting, the fine weather analysis system is developed based on Web. The system uses the B/S architecture, and the server side is made up of two core modules: data acquisition and preprocessing, and Web server. The model data processing is conducted directly using the grib code or NC format, which saves the storage space and retains the complete forecast information. The Django framework is established by the Python Web programming language, through the httpRequest mechanism to receive the frontend drawing information, and the Python extended packet pyGrADS is applied on the server side to generate forecast graphics in the background, which returns to the browser in the form of pictures, so to realize the function of realtime interactive display of numerical models in the B/S architecture. In the browser side, a simple interactive display interface that allows selecting freely the areas and variables is established, and according to the forecast ideas, different weather forecast graphics templates are designed for different categories, which can quickly generate various forecast graphics.
In order to overcome the problem that the high resolution numerical model is difficult to be applied in the operational forecasting, the fine weather analysis system is developed based on Web. The system uses the B/S architecture, and the server side is made up of two core modules: data acquisition and preprocessing, and Web server. The model data processing is conducted directly using the grib code or NC format, which saves the storage space and retains the complete forecast information. The Django framework is established by the Python Web programming language, through the httpRequest mechanism to receive the frontend drawing information, and the Python extended packet pyGrADS is applied on the server side to generate forecast graphics in the background, which returns to the browser in the form of pictures, so to realize the function of realtime interactive display of numerical models in the B/S architecture. In the browser side, a simple interactive display interface that allows selecting freely the areas and variables is established, and according to the forecast ideas, different weather forecast graphics templates are designed for different categories, which can quickly generate various forecast graphics.
2018, 46(1):200-206.
Abstract:
This paper describes the design and development of the Refined Weather Forecast Platform based on the MICAPS 4 system. According to the requirements of fine forecasting service, the structure of the fine forecasting operation system and the flow of data are introduced. The overall system architecture design, the functional design, and the realization are explained based on the ModelViewView Model pattern. The platform adopts the highperformance distributed memory object caching technology, which improves the system operational efficiency and effectiveness, separates the data logic and user interface by using the model view separation, which enhances the expansibility and can be easily applied by the provincial meteorological services, develops the element consistency processing functions, and integrates precipitation and temperature objective forecasting algorithms, which provides a variety of interactive tools. The platform has been put into the official forecasting operation since July 2016, providing a powerful support for the national fine forecast business.
This paper describes the design and development of the Refined Weather Forecast Platform based on the MICAPS 4 system. According to the requirements of fine forecasting service, the structure of the fine forecasting operation system and the flow of data are introduced. The overall system architecture design, the functional design, and the realization are explained based on the ModelViewView Model pattern. The platform adopts the highperformance distributed memory object caching technology, which improves the system operational efficiency and effectiveness, separates the data logic and user interface by using the model view separation, which enhances the expansibility and can be easily applied by the provincial meteorological services, develops the element consistency processing functions, and integrates precipitation and temperature objective forecasting algorithms, which provides a variety of interactive tools. The platform has been put into the official forecasting operation since July 2016, providing a powerful support for the national fine forecast business.
2018, 46(1):207-213.
Abstract:
Based on the EVGlobe threedimensional GIS platform, combined with highresolution remote sensing images and the Digital Elevation Model, an electronic sand table system is designed and developed for weather modification for Inner Mongolia. By the system, many functions are realized, such as the display of the layouts of operating equipment and observing stations of weather modification for Inner Mongolia, threedimensional visualized analysis and display of weather monitoring information like satellite cloud images, radar echoes, precipitation, threedimensional simulations of the programs and actual processes of weather modification. The system embodies the spaceground joint operating mode for weather modification and provides users with visual and intuitionistic geographic scenes of airplanes flying through the clouds and the effectiveness of catalyst seeding, and plays a positive role in enhancing capability of command and decisionmaking and operating for weather modification.
Based on the EVGlobe threedimensional GIS platform, combined with highresolution remote sensing images and the Digital Elevation Model, an electronic sand table system is designed and developed for weather modification for Inner Mongolia. By the system, many functions are realized, such as the display of the layouts of operating equipment and observing stations of weather modification for Inner Mongolia, threedimensional visualized analysis and display of weather monitoring information like satellite cloud images, radar echoes, precipitation, threedimensional simulations of the programs and actual processes of weather modification. The system embodies the spaceground joint operating mode for weather modification and provides users with visual and intuitionistic geographic scenes of airplanes flying through the clouds and the effectiveness of catalyst seeding, and plays a positive role in enhancing capability of command and decisionmaking and operating for weather modification.
External LinksChina Meteorological AdministrationCMA Meteorological Observation CentreChinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing Meteorological ServiceNational Satellite Meteorological Center
You are thevisitors
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.