Volume 46,Issue 4,2018 Table of Contents
2018, 46(4):631-637.
Abstract:
Compared with the information obtained by other conventional observation methods, the precipitation information obtained by the spaceborne technology has higher temporal and spatial resolution and wider spatial coverage. Researches on the spaceborne product are important for the control of microcosmic precipitation information, the improvement of numerical forecasts and the development of hydrological agriculture. This paper focuses on the development of the newgeneration meteorological satellite precipitation products from the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) satellite equipped with high resolution precipition radar (PR) and the GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) satellite equipped with dual frequency precipitation (DPR) and progresses on their production researches, as well as the TRMM and GPM product accuracy from both the domestic and foreign relevant papers, statistical significance, and case studies. Some problems existing in the current spaceborne precipitation products are analyzed.
Compared with the information obtained by other conventional observation methods, the precipitation information obtained by the spaceborne technology has higher temporal and spatial resolution and wider spatial coverage. Researches on the spaceborne product are important for the control of microcosmic precipitation information, the improvement of numerical forecasts and the development of hydrological agriculture. This paper focuses on the development of the newgeneration meteorological satellite precipitation products from the TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) satellite equipped with high resolution precipition radar (PR) and the GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) satellite equipped with dual frequency precipitation (DPR) and progresses on their production researches, as well as the TRMM and GPM product accuracy from both the domestic and foreign relevant papers, statistical significance, and case studies. Some problems existing in the current spaceborne precipitation products are analyzed.
2018, 46(4):638-643.
Abstract:
The detection efficiency (DE) of the ADTD Lightning Location Network and the sensors in Beijing is evaluated by using the dataset of 2012 to 2016 with 134 million strokes detected by 13 sensors in the BeijingTianjinHebei area. The DE for the sensors in Beijing varies at different distances and azimuths from the sensors, and the effective detection range is within 260 km. The DE for the sensors in Beijing has a low value of 195% within 20 km, and gradually increases to a maximum value of 869% from 60 km to 80 km， and then goes down from 80 km. As for the azimuth, the DE of the sensors has a lowest value of 243% in north by northwest, which reflects the influence of the orthogonal magnetic antenna on DE. The total DE of the entire network in Beijing with selfevaluation is estimated between 85% and 95%, and the DE for the strokes with lower current is unsatisfactory.
The detection efficiency (DE) of the ADTD Lightning Location Network and the sensors in Beijing is evaluated by using the dataset of 2012 to 2016 with 134 million strokes detected by 13 sensors in the BeijingTianjinHebei area. The DE for the sensors in Beijing varies at different distances and azimuths from the sensors, and the effective detection range is within 260 km. The DE for the sensors in Beijing has a low value of 195% within 20 km, and gradually increases to a maximum value of 869% from 60 km to 80 km， and then goes down from 80 km. As for the azimuth, the DE of the sensors has a lowest value of 243% in north by northwest, which reflects the influence of the orthogonal magnetic antenna on DE. The total DE of the entire network in Beijing with selfevaluation is estimated between 85% and 95%, and the DE for the strokes with lower current is unsatisfactory.
2018, 46(4):644-650.
Abstract:
Based on the SA Doppler weather radar data, six characteristic parameters are extracted from the basic reflectivity, radial velocity, and spectrum width of three basic products, which can reflect the differences between them, and their probability analysis are used for the recognition factors of BP neural network.Through the establishment of the proper training set, the neural network is trained, and the optimal network structure is obtained. Then the test set is used to further test the trained network, and the identification effect is evaluated. The results are as follows: when the number of neurons in the input layer, the hidden layer, and the output layer of neural networks is 6, 6 and 2, and the best recognition effect can be obtained for the superrefraction echoes. Finally, the validity of the recognition is verified again by actual cases.
Based on the SA Doppler weather radar data, six characteristic parameters are extracted from the basic reflectivity, radial velocity, and spectrum width of three basic products, which can reflect the differences between them, and their probability analysis are used for the recognition factors of BP neural network.Through the establishment of the proper training set, the neural network is trained, and the optimal network structure is obtained. Then the test set is used to further test the trained network, and the identification effect is evaluated. The results are as follows: when the number of neurons in the input layer, the hidden layer, and the output layer of neural networks is 6, 6 and 2, and the best recognition effect can be obtained for the superrefraction echoes. Finally, the validity of the recognition is verified again by actual cases.
2018, 46(4):651-658.
Abstract:
This paper make a deep research on the power supply system of national automatic weather stations, designs the alarm circuit, lifespan check circuit and remote monitoring computer software to monitor the battery condition and improve the design defects through slight controlling the battery charge and discharge. The system, using the freescale high performance processor and the highside current detection circuit with AD8210 as the core, detects the microcurrent of the shunt resistance to prevent overcharge and over discharge, which harms the battery life. The information including AC power off alarm, voltage, battery life, charging interval, etc, is transferred to the computer software through the acoustooptic alarm circuit and data communication circuit, which reminds the observer and at the same time makes automatic charge and discharge maintenance every three months with RTC clock module. The battery life is extended and the waste is reduced.
This paper make a deep research on the power supply system of national automatic weather stations, designs the alarm circuit, lifespan check circuit and remote monitoring computer software to monitor the battery condition and improve the design defects through slight controlling the battery charge and discharge. The system, using the freescale high performance processor and the highside current detection circuit with AD8210 as the core, detects the microcurrent of the shunt resistance to prevent overcharge and over discharge, which harms the battery life. The information including AC power off alarm, voltage, battery life, charging interval, etc, is transferred to the computer software through the acoustooptic alarm circuit and data communication circuit, which reminds the observer and at the same time makes automatic charge and discharge maintenance every three months with RTC clock module. The battery life is extended and the waste is reduced.
2018, 46(4):659-664.
Abstract:
To solve the detection difficulties in wind direction and wind speed sensors in regional automatic meteorological stations, a newtype portable wind direction and wind speed sensor detector is developed. When working by programming with the software of the upper computer and the single chip microcomputer to accurately position the step motor, the instrument realized the functions of intelligent detection and control, then compared the output values of the sensor with the standard values of the stepping motor, further to accurately control the rotation angle of the wind direction sensor or the rotation speed of the wind speed sensor, and finally achieve the purpose of automatic measuring performances of wind direction and wind speed sensors. Compared with the existing detection methods, the results show that the accuracy of this detector is higher and its stability is better. This detector is small in volume, light in weight, simple in operation and easy to carry, which integrates the functions of wind direction and wind speed detection and can effectively solve the field detection problem for regional automatic meteorological stations.
To solve the detection difficulties in wind direction and wind speed sensors in regional automatic meteorological stations, a newtype portable wind direction and wind speed sensor detector is developed. When working by programming with the software of the upper computer and the single chip microcomputer to accurately position the step motor, the instrument realized the functions of intelligent detection and control, then compared the output values of the sensor with the standard values of the stepping motor, further to accurately control the rotation angle of the wind direction sensor or the rotation speed of the wind speed sensor, and finally achieve the purpose of automatic measuring performances of wind direction and wind speed sensors. Compared with the existing detection methods, the results show that the accuracy of this detector is higher and its stability is better. This detector is small in volume, light in weight, simple in operation and easy to carry, which integrates the functions of wind direction and wind speed detection and can effectively solve the field detection problem for regional automatic meteorological stations.
2018, 46(4):665-669.
Abstract:
This article analyzes the problem of outoftolerance error in the field calibration of the new type evaporation measurement system in terms of AWSs. The root cause of the outoftolerance error is that the measurement system shows no negative value for the baseline value (zero value), and the design of the communication unit introduces the water level compensation. In order to control the reliability and validity of the field calibration evaporation data within the allowable range, the calibration data are processed by a correction method (the base point of 10 mm and the reciprocal of the sensitivity coefficient of 981% are reselected). The test proved that the qualified rate of the new evaporation calibration is greatly improved. The results show that the correction method solves the problem of outoftolerance error of evaporation field calibration and makes the calibration data of evaporation more accurate and reliable. Therefore, it is suitable for the data processing of the new type evaporation measurement system in the field calibration.
This article analyzes the problem of outoftolerance error in the field calibration of the new type evaporation measurement system in terms of AWSs. The root cause of the outoftolerance error is that the measurement system shows no negative value for the baseline value (zero value), and the design of the communication unit introduces the water level compensation. In order to control the reliability and validity of the field calibration evaporation data within the allowable range, the calibration data are processed by a correction method (the base point of 10 mm and the reciprocal of the sensitivity coefficient of 981% are reselected). The test proved that the qualified rate of the new evaporation calibration is greatly improved. The results show that the correction method solves the problem of outoftolerance error of evaporation field calibration and makes the calibration data of evaporation more accurate and reliable. Therefore, it is suitable for the data processing of the new type evaporation measurement system in the field calibration.
7 Design and Implementation of Data Environment for CIMISSBased Nationwide Refined Forecast System
2018, 46(4):670-677.
Abstract:
With the continuous development of refined forecast, we urgently need to construct the data environment to support the nationwide refined forecast system, which implements the function of realtime synchronization and concurrent gridded weather prediction between national and provincial levels. This paper analyzes the features of refined forecast and introduces the system architecture, data flow, core functions and technological realization of the data environment, which is based on the China Integrated Meteorological Information Sharing System (CIMISS) and designed to support the refined forecast system. Via the operational application it can be concluded that the data environment successfully completes the target of realtime synchronization and sharing of the gridded weather prediction products between national and provincial levels, provides sufficient capacity to support the correction and publication of the products, and ensures the products’consistency. Finally, this paper looks into the advancement of the data environment to support the nationwide refined forecast system in the future.
With the continuous development of refined forecast, we urgently need to construct the data environment to support the nationwide refined forecast system, which implements the function of realtime synchronization and concurrent gridded weather prediction between national and provincial levels. This paper analyzes the features of refined forecast and introduces the system architecture, data flow, core functions and technological realization of the data environment, which is based on the China Integrated Meteorological Information Sharing System (CIMISS) and designed to support the refined forecast system. Via the operational application it can be concluded that the data environment successfully completes the target of realtime synchronization and sharing of the gridded weather prediction products between national and provincial levels, provides sufficient capacity to support the correction and publication of the products, and ensures the products’consistency. Finally, this paper looks into the advancement of the data environment to support the nationwide refined forecast system in the future.
2018, 46(4):678-684.
Abstract:
The tabledriven code forms are the data format recommended by the World Meteorological Organization and widely used around the world. It is also one of the major international common formats used in the standardization of meteorological data format within the China Meteorological Administration. Based on the main architecture of the observation system and CIMISS data environment, the representative observation data and products are selected, and the pilot operating system of Table Driven Code Forms is established. According to the selfdescription and flexible expansibility characteristics of table driven code forms, the coding templates are developed, and the code tables are dynamically loaded by the encoding/decoding software. The mapping and conversion of coding elements and sequences to the storage elements and models are realized, and the database storage model is designed. The complete data flow of encoding, transmission, processing, storage, and application is tested and verified, and can be the reference for the implementation of data format standardization based on tabledriven code forms.
The tabledriven code forms are the data format recommended by the World Meteorological Organization and widely used around the world. It is also one of the major international common formats used in the standardization of meteorological data format within the China Meteorological Administration. Based on the main architecture of the observation system and CIMISS data environment, the representative observation data and products are selected, and the pilot operating system of Table Driven Code Forms is established. According to the selfdescription and flexible expansibility characteristics of table driven code forms, the coding templates are developed, and the code tables are dynamically loaded by the encoding/decoding software. The mapping and conversion of coding elements and sequences to the storage elements and models are realized, and the database storage model is designed. The complete data flow of encoding, transmission, processing, storage, and application is tested and verified, and can be the reference for the implementation of data format standardization based on tabledriven code forms.
2018, 46(4):685-691.
Abstract:
In order to unify the meteorological data retrieval modes of meteorological applications, regulate the meteorological data operational environment, an standardized meteorological data service interface is designed and developed based on Spring Boot and Spring Cloud microservice frameworks according to the meteorological informatization action plan of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and Zhejiang Provincial Meteorological Service. The standardized meteorological data service interface complies with meteorological informatization standard system of CMA, stores all kinds of meteorological data in the resource pool after data be collected and processed, then publishes all data through RESTful API, provides standard data retrieval services for all kinds of meteorological applications in Ningbo. This interface has changed the old mode of meteorological applications (direct accessing database), reduced the cost of application development, also enhanced the ability of operation and maintenance department to monitor and manager meteorological data retrieving. This paper presents the design and development process of the standardized meteorological data service interface and describes in detail the interface specifications, operational processes, and critical technologies in the development cycle.
In order to unify the meteorological data retrieval modes of meteorological applications, regulate the meteorological data operational environment, an standardized meteorological data service interface is designed and developed based on Spring Boot and Spring Cloud microservice frameworks according to the meteorological informatization action plan of China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and Zhejiang Provincial Meteorological Service. The standardized meteorological data service interface complies with meteorological informatization standard system of CMA, stores all kinds of meteorological data in the resource pool after data be collected and processed, then publishes all data through RESTful API, provides standard data retrieval services for all kinds of meteorological applications in Ningbo. This interface has changed the old mode of meteorological applications (direct accessing database), reduced the cost of application development, also enhanced the ability of operation and maintenance department to monitor and manager meteorological data retrieving. This paper presents the design and development process of the standardized meteorological data service interface and describes in detail the interface specifications, operational processes, and critical technologies in the development cycle.
2018, 46(4):692-698.
Abstract:
Based on the CIMISS, under the MUSIC specification, using C# language, combined with the Surfer plugin, a visual interface of contour color map is developed, which can greatly improve the efficiency of scientific research and work, and effectively complement the visual function of MUSIC. This paper also describes the improvement of the mechanism for applying shade guide files to graphics as drawing contour maps, to allow the program to directly load the shade guide files built beforehand when contour lines are filled with colors without generating .lvl shade guide file in real time each time, which can greatly improve drawing speed. The method of determining the map size with the width and height proportional coefficient in gridding process can not only make the image generated harmonious proportion, but also perfectly solve the problem of saw teeth at the edges of the image generated.
Based on the CIMISS, under the MUSIC specification, using C# language, combined with the Surfer plugin, a visual interface of contour color map is developed, which can greatly improve the efficiency of scientific research and work, and effectively complement the visual function of MUSIC. This paper also describes the improvement of the mechanism for applying shade guide files to graphics as drawing contour maps, to allow the program to directly load the shade guide files built beforehand when contour lines are filled with colors without generating .lvl shade guide file in real time each time, which can greatly improve drawing speed. The method of determining the map size with the width and height proportional coefficient in gridding process can not only make the image generated harmonious proportion, but also perfectly solve the problem of saw teeth at the edges of the image generated.
2018, 46(4):699-706.
Abstract:
CIMISS has achieved the integration of national meteorological data. Now a connection of unified data environment between the national center and provinces has been made. Through the Music interface, which is standard, unified, featurerich and highly efficient， data are provided. The Python programming language is introduced, which is easy to learn， also very widely used in global meteorological fields. Python also has great advantages over other programming languages like IDL， Fortran，Matlab. Three ways of the application of Python in Music are introduced, which are SDK & client, WebServices, and Rest. Python can be used to quickly fetch and process meteorological data from the Music interface of CIMISS, and build the entire workflow.
CIMISS has achieved the integration of national meteorological data. Now a connection of unified data environment between the national center and provinces has been made. Through the Music interface, which is standard, unified, featurerich and highly efficient， data are provided. The Python programming language is introduced, which is easy to learn， also very widely used in global meteorological fields. Python also has great advantages over other programming languages like IDL， Fortran，Matlab. Three ways of the application of Python in Music are introduced, which are SDK & client, WebServices, and Rest. Python can be used to quickly fetch and process meteorological data from the Music interface of CIMISS, and build the entire workflow.
2018, 46(4):707-717.
Abstract:
Aiming to generate the initial fields for the control forecast of the GRAPES global ensemble prediction system, based on the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) global model, the initial field generation scheme is studied, and a dynamical upscaling technique of the high resolution initial field is developed, and the feasibility of different schemes is verified. By comparing the spatial patterns of the initial fields obtained through different schemes, it is verified that the horizontal interpolation scheme has certain shortcomings, and the threedimensional interpolation for the Exner pressure variable based on the hydrostatic equation is of great importance. The results show that with the dynamical upscaling technique, the initial geopotential height and temperature noise problems due to the horizontal interpolation scheme can be improved by adjusting the global temperature and pressure fields, so that they are balanced according to the hydrostatic balance relation, and the initial field of low resolution obtained with the dynamical upscaling technique is suitable for the control forecast of the operational GRAPES global ensemble prediction system.
Aiming to generate the initial fields for the control forecast of the GRAPES global ensemble prediction system, based on the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) global model, the initial field generation scheme is studied, and a dynamical upscaling technique of the high resolution initial field is developed, and the feasibility of different schemes is verified. By comparing the spatial patterns of the initial fields obtained through different schemes, it is verified that the horizontal interpolation scheme has certain shortcomings, and the threedimensional interpolation for the Exner pressure variable based on the hydrostatic equation is of great importance. The results show that with the dynamical upscaling technique, the initial geopotential height and temperature noise problems due to the horizontal interpolation scheme can be improved by adjusting the global temperature and pressure fields, so that they are balanced according to the hydrostatic balance relation, and the initial field of low resolution obtained with the dynamical upscaling technique is suitable for the control forecast of the operational GRAPES global ensemble prediction system.
2018, 46(4):718-723.
Abstract:
The T639 numerical prediction of Chinese National Meteorological Center, Japan precipitation prediction, the ECMWF numerical prediction (ECthin) and Tianjin guidance forecast products on the precipitation forecast results of the Tianjin area are tested. The results show that the accuracies of all precipitation forecasting models decrease with the extension of lead time. The forecast accuracies of the model products in the Tianjin area are better in autumn, winter and spring than that in summer. The ECthin product has more obvious advantages in the precipitation forecast in winter, and the Tianjin guidance forecast and T639 numerical prediction are more indicative of precipitation in the wet period of May, June and September in Tianjin. Based on the classification and analysis of the 23 rainstorm processes in the Tianjin area from 2014 to 2016, the rainy/fine forecasting for heavy rainfall has better reference value, while the graded precipitation forecast has greater deviation. Compared to the local rainstorms, the numerical prediction of regional rainstorms are of more reliable reference significance.
The T639 numerical prediction of Chinese National Meteorological Center, Japan precipitation prediction, the ECMWF numerical prediction (ECthin) and Tianjin guidance forecast products on the precipitation forecast results of the Tianjin area are tested. The results show that the accuracies of all precipitation forecasting models decrease with the extension of lead time. The forecast accuracies of the model products in the Tianjin area are better in autumn, winter and spring than that in summer. The ECthin product has more obvious advantages in the precipitation forecast in winter, and the Tianjin guidance forecast and T639 numerical prediction are more indicative of precipitation in the wet period of May, June and September in Tianjin. Based on the classification and analysis of the 23 rainstorm processes in the Tianjin area from 2014 to 2016, the rainy/fine forecasting for heavy rainfall has better reference value, while the graded precipitation forecast has greater deviation. Compared to the local rainstorms, the numerical prediction of regional rainstorms are of more reliable reference significance.
2018, 46(4):724-728.
Abstract:
Based on the highresolution numerical forecast precipitation products from the ECMWF, JMA, T639, GERMAN, Hunan local fine grid HNGRIB from May to December of 2016, the forecast effectiveness of the models on the Hunan reservoir area rainfall is tested from the aspects of forecast lead time, areas, precipitation intensity grades, influence systems and forecast biases. The results show that the accuracy of various fine mesh models for area rainfall decreases generally with lead time， while the forecast effectiveness of ECMWF and JMA is good and stable, and the stability of the T639 is the worst. The area rainfall forecast effectiveness in nonflood season (October to December) is better than that in flood season (May to September). With the increase of the rainfall level, the prediction capability of each model decreases, especially the areal rainfall over 30 mm, is poor. The prediction capability of each model for vortex precipitation is the worst, but the best for upper trough precipitation. The area rainfall forecast of ECMWF, JMA and HNGRIB is smaller in various lead times, but those of GERMAN and T639 increase with the lead time.
Based on the highresolution numerical forecast precipitation products from the ECMWF, JMA, T639, GERMAN, Hunan local fine grid HNGRIB from May to December of 2016, the forecast effectiveness of the models on the Hunan reservoir area rainfall is tested from the aspects of forecast lead time, areas, precipitation intensity grades, influence systems and forecast biases. The results show that the accuracy of various fine mesh models for area rainfall decreases generally with lead time， while the forecast effectiveness of ECMWF and JMA is good and stable, and the stability of the T639 is the worst. The area rainfall forecast effectiveness in nonflood season (October to December) is better than that in flood season (May to September). With the increase of the rainfall level, the prediction capability of each model decreases, especially the areal rainfall over 30 mm, is poor. The prediction capability of each model for vortex precipitation is the worst, but the best for upper trough precipitation. The area rainfall forecast of ECMWF, JMA and HNGRIB is smaller in various lead times, but those of GERMAN and T639 increase with the lead time.
2018, 46(4):729-737.
Abstract:
The test analysis, synthesis analysis and application of prediction are undertaken by examining 259 regional rainstorm processes happened in Honghe during the period of 1980 to 2015, according to the irregular structure analysis method of blowup theory. The correlation between extreme low temperature and rainstorms, the index of lowfrequency gravitational wave and rainstorms is calculated and analyzed. The results show that obvious precursory characteristics of (low vortex) shear rainstorms, the Bay of Bengal Tropical Cyclone (southern branch trough) rainstorms, the rainstorms in the periphery of the subtropical high, and the westward typhoon rainstorms can be shown and analyzed by using the V3θ structural information graph 12 to 36 hours before the rainstorm, including the extreme low temperature at the upper troposphere, the nonuniform structure of 3θ curve, plentiful vapor at middle and lower levels, and the wholetroposphere deasil wind. The rainfall in the later 12 to 48 hours will magnify if the extreme low temperature goes down further. There is a significant negative correlation between the lowfrequency gravity wave index 〖WTBX〗C*〖WTBZ〗p and the rainfall in the next 24 hours.
The test analysis, synthesis analysis and application of prediction are undertaken by examining 259 regional rainstorm processes happened in Honghe during the period of 1980 to 2015, according to the irregular structure analysis method of blowup theory. The correlation between extreme low temperature and rainstorms, the index of lowfrequency gravitational wave and rainstorms is calculated and analyzed. The results show that obvious precursory characteristics of (low vortex) shear rainstorms, the Bay of Bengal Tropical Cyclone (southern branch trough) rainstorms, the rainstorms in the periphery of the subtropical high, and the westward typhoon rainstorms can be shown and analyzed by using the V3θ structural information graph 12 to 36 hours before the rainstorm, including the extreme low temperature at the upper troposphere, the nonuniform structure of 3θ curve, plentiful vapor at middle and lower levels, and the wholetroposphere deasil wind. The rainfall in the later 12 to 48 hours will magnify if the extreme low temperature goes down further. There is a significant negative correlation between the lowfrequency gravity wave index 〖WTBX〗C*〖WTBZ〗p and the rainfall in the next 24 hours.
2018, 46(4):738-743.
Abstract:
Using the daily meteorological and hydrological data, the HBV model is calibrated and validated for the Hejiang River Basin and the relationship between rainfall and discharge is established. Since the stagedischarge relationship of the Xindu hydrological station is built, the critical rainfall values corresponding with the three flood risk levels are obtained. The risk warning effectiveness is verified by applying the critical rainfall to two historical flood processes caused by heavy rainfall. The results show that the 24and 48hour critical rainfall values are important for warning. The calibrated HBV model can well represent the responses of hydrological processes to the rainfall, which provides references for Hejiang River Basin flood disaster prevention.
Using the daily meteorological and hydrological data, the HBV model is calibrated and validated for the Hejiang River Basin and the relationship between rainfall and discharge is established. Since the stagedischarge relationship of the Xindu hydrological station is built, the critical rainfall values corresponding with the three flood risk levels are obtained. The risk warning effectiveness is verified by applying the critical rainfall to two historical flood processes caused by heavy rainfall. The results show that the 24and 48hour critical rainfall values are important for warning. The calibrated HBV model can well represent the responses of hydrological processes to the rainfall, which provides references for Hejiang River Basin flood disaster prevention.
2018, 46(4):744-752.
Abstract:
Based on the daily maximum and minimum temperature data from 45 weather stations in Jilin Province for the period of 1970 to 2014, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the asymmetric changes in the maximum and minimum temperature at the annual and seasonal scales are analyzed. At the same time, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is adopted to decompose and analyze the trends of the annual and seasonal maximum and minimum temperature sequences. The results show that the average maximum and minimum temperature in the last 45 years has been on the rise, and the increase of the minimum temperature was twice as high as that of the maximum temperature. Besides, the maximum and minimum temperature changes at the seasonal scale were consistent with those at the annual scale; there was little difference in the increase in the maximum temperature between different regions, but a certain difference between the minimum temperature increases of different regions. The increase of the minimum temperature in the eastern region was smaller than those of the central and the western regions. In addition, regions with relatively stable temperature rise appeared to be the central and the western regions, where different increases in amounts were found in different seasons, referring to that temperature rise in spring and summer was larger than in autumn and winter. The EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) results indicate that the annual average maximum and minimum temperature in Jilin Province were on the rise, while the inclination rates of the maximum temperature trend component in spring and winter were different from that of the primary sequence. The inclination rates of the maximum temperature trend component in summer and autumn and the minimum temperature trend component for four seasons were all in accordance with the primary sequence, which were positive, but different in size.
Based on the daily maximum and minimum temperature data from 45 weather stations in Jilin Province for the period of 1970 to 2014, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the asymmetric changes in the maximum and minimum temperature at the annual and seasonal scales are analyzed. At the same time, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is adopted to decompose and analyze the trends of the annual and seasonal maximum and minimum temperature sequences. The results show that the average maximum and minimum temperature in the last 45 years has been on the rise, and the increase of the minimum temperature was twice as high as that of the maximum temperature. Besides, the maximum and minimum temperature changes at the seasonal scale were consistent with those at the annual scale; there was little difference in the increase in the maximum temperature between different regions, but a certain difference between the minimum temperature increases of different regions. The increase of the minimum temperature in the eastern region was smaller than those of the central and the western regions. In addition, regions with relatively stable temperature rise appeared to be the central and the western regions, where different increases in amounts were found in different seasons, referring to that temperature rise in spring and summer was larger than in autumn and winter. The EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) results indicate that the annual average maximum and minimum temperature in Jilin Province were on the rise, while the inclination rates of the maximum temperature trend component in spring and winter were different from that of the primary sequence. The inclination rates of the maximum temperature trend component in summer and autumn and the minimum temperature trend component for four seasons were all in accordance with the primary sequence, which were positive, but different in size.
2018, 46(4):753-759.
Abstract:
Based on the observation data of 106 ground weather stations during 1960-2013, the climate characteristics, intermonthly distributions, interannual variations, and longterm trends of precipitation days with five phases such as rain, snow, sleet and freezing rain are analyzed in the YangtzeHuaihe region. Then relationship between annual precipitation days of each phase and altitude is discussed. The results show that precipitation days over the YangtzeHuaihe region are the most among variphase precipitation days, which represents a spatial distribution of more in south and less in north. Contrary to the rain days, the snow days present more in north and less in south, while the sleet days presents zonal differences that precipitation days in the eastern coastal are less than those in the western inland. In the recent 54 years, the regional averaged precipitation days of each phase showed decreasing trends, in which the phases of rain, snow and sleet are significant. Looking at the spatial distribution of variation trend for each station, although the trends of precipitation days in every phase decreased, the station numbers of freezing rain reduced significantly are the least. Rains occurred mainly in March to August, while others occurred from November to the next March. In addition, the precipitation days of snow and freezing rain are most closely related to altitude positively, and the next is sleet.
Based on the observation data of 106 ground weather stations during 1960-2013, the climate characteristics, intermonthly distributions, interannual variations, and longterm trends of precipitation days with five phases such as rain, snow, sleet and freezing rain are analyzed in the YangtzeHuaihe region. Then relationship between annual precipitation days of each phase and altitude is discussed. The results show that precipitation days over the YangtzeHuaihe region are the most among variphase precipitation days, which represents a spatial distribution of more in south and less in north. Contrary to the rain days, the snow days present more in north and less in south, while the sleet days presents zonal differences that precipitation days in the eastern coastal are less than those in the western inland. In the recent 54 years, the regional averaged precipitation days of each phase showed decreasing trends, in which the phases of rain, snow and sleet are significant. Looking at the spatial distribution of variation trend for each station, although the trends of precipitation days in every phase decreased, the station numbers of freezing rain reduced significantly are the least. Rains occurred mainly in March to August, while others occurred from November to the next March. In addition, the precipitation days of snow and freezing rain are most closely related to altitude positively, and the next is sleet.
2018, 46(4):760-767.
Abstract:
A heavy fog/haze event occurred in Beijing from 27 November to 1 December 2015 The process was synthetically analyzed based on the synoptic situation, radisonde data, the conventional and intensive observational data, the wind profile radar data, and the observational PM25 concentration. The results show that the deterioration of visibility has a close relationship with synoptic situation, the significantly increased pollutant particles, the increase of relative humidity, the high frequency of temperature inversion, small nearsurface wind speed, and nearsurface southerly transports. It is concluded: (1) It was long controlled by the weak pressure system on the ground over North China and the nearsurface wind speed was small during the fog/haze process and large parts of Beijing were controlled by the weak south and east wind which were not favorable to diffusion and transportation of pollutants. (2) The relative humidity increased apparently and sometimes close to saturation, due to the transferring of water vapor and pollutants by the south and east airstream and the melted snow. (3) The inversion of temperature in the boundary layer existed during the whole fog/haze process and it was not conducive to the vertical diffusion of pollutants.
A heavy fog/haze event occurred in Beijing from 27 November to 1 December 2015 The process was synthetically analyzed based on the synoptic situation, radisonde data, the conventional and intensive observational data, the wind profile radar data, and the observational PM25 concentration. The results show that the deterioration of visibility has a close relationship with synoptic situation, the significantly increased pollutant particles, the increase of relative humidity, the high frequency of temperature inversion, small nearsurface wind speed, and nearsurface southerly transports. It is concluded: (1) It was long controlled by the weak pressure system on the ground over North China and the nearsurface wind speed was small during the fog/haze process and large parts of Beijing were controlled by the weak south and east wind which were not favorable to diffusion and transportation of pollutants. (2) The relative humidity increased apparently and sometimes close to saturation, due to the transferring of water vapor and pollutants by the south and east airstream and the melted snow. (3) The inversion of temperature in the boundary layer existed during the whole fog/haze process and it was not conducive to the vertical diffusion of pollutants.
2018, 46(4):768-772.
Abstract:
The laseroptical disdrometer is a new kind of measuring instrument which the Tianjin Weather Modification Office purchased in recent years. It has great influence on the realtime monitoring of precipitation. Based on the laseroptical disdrometer (LPMThies) data, the raindrop spectrum characteristics of a convective precipitation in Tianjin is analyzed. The analysis results show that the variation trend of hourly precipitation between laseroptical disdrometer and tilting rain gauge are well consistent. But the accumulated precipitation detected by the laseroptical disdrometer was heavier. This convective precipitation had large spatial and temporal variation. The rainfall intensity had marked differences between four meteorological stations. The average diameter of precipitation particles was between 040 and 064 mm. Raindrops with the diameters being below 20 mm accounted for more than 95% of the total number of precipitation particles. The fluctuation of rainfall intensity and radar reflectivity was obvious, and raindrop number concentration reached 103 in magnitude basically. The instantaneous spectrums at the three times in Jixian Station presented a unimodal distribution，and the peak value was near 05 mm.
The laseroptical disdrometer is a new kind of measuring instrument which the Tianjin Weather Modification Office purchased in recent years. It has great influence on the realtime monitoring of precipitation. Based on the laseroptical disdrometer (LPMThies) data, the raindrop spectrum characteristics of a convective precipitation in Tianjin is analyzed. The analysis results show that the variation trend of hourly precipitation between laseroptical disdrometer and tilting rain gauge are well consistent. But the accumulated precipitation detected by the laseroptical disdrometer was heavier. This convective precipitation had large spatial and temporal variation. The rainfall intensity had marked differences between four meteorological stations. The average diameter of precipitation particles was between 040 and 064 mm. Raindrops with the diameters being below 20 mm accounted for more than 95% of the total number of precipitation particles. The fluctuation of rainfall intensity and radar reflectivity was obvious, and raindrop number concentration reached 103 in magnitude basically. The instantaneous spectrums at the three times in Jixian Station presented a unimodal distribution，and the peak value was near 05 mm.
2018, 46(4):773-784.
Abstract:
In order to provide a better service for the warning of low temperature disasters on road surface and mitigate the damage caused by the frozen road against cars, in this paper, the observed data of traffic meteorological factors in the Automatic Weather Monitoring System (AWMS) on the Jiangsu expressway network from 2012 to 2016 are collected to analyze the temporal and spatial pattern of low temperature occurrence on the road surface and the statistic model establishment and the forecast experiments of the low temperature warning on road surface are carried out through three statistical forecast methods: the Multiple Linear Regression, the Naive Bayes Method, and the Support Vector Machine Model. The results are showed as follows: (1) 〖JP2〗The occurrence frequency of low temperatures below 0 ℃, below -2 ℃〖JP〗 and below -5 ℃ on the road surface of the expressway network in Jiangsu Province displayed the distributions of “higher in the north part and lower in the south part.” (2) The road surface temperature below 0 ℃ on the expressway network occurs between 15:00 and 06:00 of the next day in general. (3) In the model establishment and forecast experiments of a single station for M9308 Station on the Jiangsu section of the BeijingShanghai Expressway, it is found that the forecast models taking the air temperature at 13:00, the variation of air temperature from 13:00 to 18:00, the road temperature at 13:00, the variation of road temperature from 13:00 to 18:00, the roadbed temperature at 13:00, the variation of roadbed temperature from 13:00 to 18:00, the relative humidity at 18:00, and the 〖WTBX〗U〖WTBZ〗 component of wind speed at 18:00 as the forecast factors have the best efficiency in the warning of road low temperature. The naive Bayes method has the highest forecasting accuracy rate in the three methods. (4) For the whole expressway network in Jiangsu, the accuracy rates of three statistical forecast models in the warning of low temperature on road surface are higher than 75%. The comparison of the low temperature forecast experiment results of road surface on the Jiangsu expressway network indicates that the Multiple Linear Regression shows the best warning efficiency in the northern Jiangsu with an accuracy rate larger than 85% and the Support Vector Machine Model displays the best warning efficiency in the southern Jiangsu with an accuracy rate higher than 95%.
In order to provide a better service for the warning of low temperature disasters on road surface and mitigate the damage caused by the frozen road against cars, in this paper, the observed data of traffic meteorological factors in the Automatic Weather Monitoring System (AWMS) on the Jiangsu expressway network from 2012 to 2016 are collected to analyze the temporal and spatial pattern of low temperature occurrence on the road surface and the statistic model establishment and the forecast experiments of the low temperature warning on road surface are carried out through three statistical forecast methods: the Multiple Linear Regression, the Naive Bayes Method, and the Support Vector Machine Model. The results are showed as follows: (1) 〖JP2〗The occurrence frequency of low temperatures below 0 ℃, below -2 ℃〖JP〗 and below -5 ℃ on the road surface of the expressway network in Jiangsu Province displayed the distributions of “higher in the north part and lower in the south part.” (2) The road surface temperature below 0 ℃ on the expressway network occurs between 15:00 and 06:00 of the next day in general. (3) In the model establishment and forecast experiments of a single station for M9308 Station on the Jiangsu section of the BeijingShanghai Expressway, it is found that the forecast models taking the air temperature at 13:00, the variation of air temperature from 13:00 to 18:00, the road temperature at 13:00, the variation of road temperature from 13:00 to 18:00, the roadbed temperature at 13:00, the variation of roadbed temperature from 13:00 to 18:00, the relative humidity at 18:00, and the 〖WTBX〗U〖WTBZ〗 component of wind speed at 18:00 as the forecast factors have the best efficiency in the warning of road low temperature. The naive Bayes method has the highest forecasting accuracy rate in the three methods. (4) For the whole expressway network in Jiangsu, the accuracy rates of three statistical forecast models in the warning of low temperature on road surface are higher than 75%. The comparison of the low temperature forecast experiment results of road surface on the Jiangsu expressway network indicates that the Multiple Linear Regression shows the best warning efficiency in the northern Jiangsu with an accuracy rate larger than 85% and the Support Vector Machine Model displays the best warning efficiency in the southern Jiangsu with an accuracy rate higher than 95%.
2018, 46(4):785-791.
Abstract:
The Lightningprone areas in Anhui are divided by the natural breakpoint method in use of the twodimensional ADTD lightning location data after the quality control from 2010 to 2016 Results show:(1) The high lightningprone areas were mainly distributed in Chizhou, Tongling, Wuhu, the middle east part of Xuancheng, eastern Chuzhou and Lu’an, western Anqing, and some parts of Huangshan; the medium lightningprone areas were mainly distributed in south of the Huaihe river, such as Chuzhou, Ma’anshan, most parts of Anqing and Lu'an City, western and southern Hefei and Xuancheng; the general lightningprone areas were mainly distributed near the areas along the Huaihe River and north of Huaihe river, such as Suzhou, Huaibei, Bozhou, Fuyang, Huainan, most parts of Bengbu and middle east of Hefei. (2) The lightning current intensity is divided into three levels by using the percentile method. The lightning densities of different intensity levels were generally high in south and low in north in Anhui, but in some areas there is bigger difference, and the distribution features of the first or second intensity levels are relatively close. (3) Terrain factors have great influence on lightning activities. The higherlevel lightning densities were found in the Dabie Mountain area, southern Anhui mountain area and eastern Anhui hilly area than in the areas north of the Huaihe River. The positive correlation between lightning density and river network density is found in the areas south of the Huaihe River; however, there was no significant correlation between lightning density and river network distribution or soil conductivity in the area north of the Huaihe River.
The Lightningprone areas in Anhui are divided by the natural breakpoint method in use of the twodimensional ADTD lightning location data after the quality control from 2010 to 2016 Results show:(1) The high lightningprone areas were mainly distributed in Chizhou, Tongling, Wuhu, the middle east part of Xuancheng, eastern Chuzhou and Lu’an, western Anqing, and some parts of Huangshan; the medium lightningprone areas were mainly distributed in south of the Huaihe river, such as Chuzhou, Ma’anshan, most parts of Anqing and Lu'an City, western and southern Hefei and Xuancheng; the general lightningprone areas were mainly distributed near the areas along the Huaihe River and north of Huaihe river, such as Suzhou, Huaibei, Bozhou, Fuyang, Huainan, most parts of Bengbu and middle east of Hefei. (2) The lightning current intensity is divided into three levels by using the percentile method. The lightning densities of different intensity levels were generally high in south and low in north in Anhui, but in some areas there is bigger difference, and the distribution features of the first or second intensity levels are relatively close. (3) Terrain factors have great influence on lightning activities. The higherlevel lightning densities were found in the Dabie Mountain area, southern Anhui mountain area and eastern Anhui hilly area than in the areas north of the Huaihe River. The positive correlation between lightning density and river network density is found in the areas south of the Huaihe River; however, there was no significant correlation between lightning density and river network distribution or soil conductivity in the area north of the Huaihe River.
2018, 46(4):792-798.
Abstract:
Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) and thermal tripping protection device are core components in voltagelimiting SPDs, which directly determine the safety performance. It is necessary to summarize the factors that are considered in the design of components by analyzing the failure modes of these two parts in depth. In this paper, the three failure modes of MOV are studied, including the elevated working temperature under 〖WTBX〗U〖WTBZ〗c, over large pulse current, and transient overvoltage. The performance of thermal tripping protection device was tested under the MOV fault mode. The measures of improving the safety of SPDs are summarized, choosing the appropriate MOV (including the capacity of current and residual voltage, high temperature stability, the endurance of power frequency under overlarge impulse current, the tolerance under transient overvoltage), designing the right thermal tripping protection with reliable technical parameters (including material properties, hot spots, tripping distance, tripping force and welding process, adding over current protection device, etc.).
Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) and thermal tripping protection device are core components in voltagelimiting SPDs, which directly determine the safety performance. It is necessary to summarize the factors that are considered in the design of components by analyzing the failure modes of these two parts in depth. In this paper, the three failure modes of MOV are studied, including the elevated working temperature under 〖WTBX〗U〖WTBZ〗c, over large pulse current, and transient overvoltage. The performance of thermal tripping protection device was tested under the MOV fault mode. The measures of improving the safety of SPDs are summarized, choosing the appropriate MOV (including the capacity of current and residual voltage, high temperature stability, the endurance of power frequency under overlarge impulse current, the tolerance under transient overvoltage), designing the right thermal tripping protection with reliable technical parameters (including material properties, hot spots, tripping distance, tripping force and welding process, adding over current protection device, etc.).
2018, 46(4):799-808.
Abstract:
Weather conditions for airplane icing and icing characteristics in the low level flight are analyzed on the basis of the FNL data, with the temperature measurements (OAT) and observations from 7 icing reports during the winters of 2015 and 2016 The results show that when the plane flies at the low levels in the winter in the Sichuan Basin, there are four types of circulations conductive to aircraft icing, including cold front, low trough, the southwest flow and weak ridge type, and the former 3 types are more beneficial to moderate icing. The seven cases show that the aircraft icing was formed in the clouds with the temperature below zero; the moderate icing formed in the temperature range of -2 to -4 ℃; the light icing was in the range of 0 to -1 ℃. Besides, the greater the relative humidity was, the more conductive to the formation of ice, and the moderate icing is more likely formed when the relative humidity is more than 90%. Under the beneficial circulation background and certain scope of temperature and relative humidity, the updraft speed between -005 to -10 Pa〖DK〗·s-1 is more conducive to moderate icing, while the range of 0 to -005 Pa〖DK〗·s-1is more conducive to mild icing.
Weather conditions for airplane icing and icing characteristics in the low level flight are analyzed on the basis of the FNL data, with the temperature measurements (OAT) and observations from 7 icing reports during the winters of 2015 and 2016 The results show that when the plane flies at the low levels in the winter in the Sichuan Basin, there are four types of circulations conductive to aircraft icing, including cold front, low trough, the southwest flow and weak ridge type, and the former 3 types are more beneficial to moderate icing. The seven cases show that the aircraft icing was formed in the clouds with the temperature below zero; the moderate icing formed in the temperature range of -2 to -4 ℃; the light icing was in the range of 0 to -1 ℃. Besides, the greater the relative humidity was, the more conductive to the formation of ice, and the moderate icing is more likely formed when the relative humidity is more than 90%. Under the beneficial circulation background and certain scope of temperature and relative humidity, the updraft speed between -005 to -10 Pa〖DK〗·s-1 is more conducive to moderate icing, while the range of 0 to -005 Pa〖DK〗·s-1is more conducive to mild icing.
2018, 46(4):809-813.
Abstract:
Based on the groundbased heliograph data from 2007 to 2010, the accuracy test of the MODIS C6 AOD product is made. It is found that: the correlation coefficient between them is 085; the standard deviation and the mean relative deviation are 028 and 027, respectively. The accuracy of the MODIS C6 AOD product meets the requirements of the research. Then the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of aerosol optical depth in Guangdong Province are analyzed. The results show that: (1) the AOD value in spatial distribution can be showed in a descending order: Pearl River Delta, eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong, and northern Guangdong. In the Pearl River Delta region, Foshan, Dongguan, and Zhongshan have the biggest AOD in the whole province; (2) the seasonal variation: spring was the highest AOD value period, then summer and autumn, and winter was the lowest; (3) from 2003 to 2016, the annual AOD showed a descending trend in fluctuation. The average annual AOD value of 2012 was the highest, and that of 2007 was the second. The lowest value is found in 2016, and that of 2015 was a little bigger than that of 2016
Based on the groundbased heliograph data from 2007 to 2010, the accuracy test of the MODIS C6 AOD product is made. It is found that: the correlation coefficient between them is 085; the standard deviation and the mean relative deviation are 028 and 027, respectively. The accuracy of the MODIS C6 AOD product meets the requirements of the research. Then the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of aerosol optical depth in Guangdong Province are analyzed. The results show that: (1) the AOD value in spatial distribution can be showed in a descending order: Pearl River Delta, eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong, and northern Guangdong. In the Pearl River Delta region, Foshan, Dongguan, and Zhongshan have the biggest AOD in the whole province; (2) the seasonal variation: spring was the highest AOD value period, then summer and autumn, and winter was the lowest; (3) from 2003 to 2016, the annual AOD showed a descending trend in fluctuation. The average annual AOD value of 2012 was the highest, and that of 2007 was the second. The lowest value is found in 2016, and that of 2015 was a little bigger than that of 2016
2018, 46(4):814-821.
Abstract:
The daily electricity consumption, daily peak loads, daily valley loads and the meteorological data of Henan, Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi from May to September 2011 to 2015 are used to investigate the effect of the sunny hot weather on electric loads. The results show that the hot weather lasted more than 3 days influences the increase of electric loads obviously, especially in Hubei. The temperature has distinct significance to the growth of electric loads, when the air temperature is greater than or equal to the temperature threshold of Accumulated Temperature Effect. The initial sensitive value of daily average temperature, daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature is 31 ℃, 36 ℃ and 27 ℃ respectively in Hunan, and the strong sensitive value is 32 ℃, 39 ℃ and 29 ℃. The multiple regression forecasting model of electric meteorological loads based on the accumulated temperature effects is tested from May to September in 2016 The results show that the average relative errors of four provinces are confined to 5%, which has good reference value to the electric power dispatching of the central China while correcting the forecast results properly according to specific weather conditions.
The daily electricity consumption, daily peak loads, daily valley loads and the meteorological data of Henan, Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi from May to September 2011 to 2015 are used to investigate the effect of the sunny hot weather on electric loads. The results show that the hot weather lasted more than 3 days influences the increase of electric loads obviously, especially in Hubei. The temperature has distinct significance to the growth of electric loads, when the air temperature is greater than or equal to the temperature threshold of Accumulated Temperature Effect. The initial sensitive value of daily average temperature, daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature is 31 ℃, 36 ℃ and 27 ℃ respectively in Hunan, and the strong sensitive value is 32 ℃, 39 ℃ and 29 ℃. The multiple regression forecasting model of electric meteorological loads based on the accumulated temperature effects is tested from May to September in 2016 The results show that the average relative errors of four provinces are confined to 5%, which has good reference value to the electric power dispatching of the central China while correcting the forecast results properly according to specific weather conditions.
27 Design and Development of an Early Risk Warning System ofHighway Traffic Meteorological Disasters
2018, 46(4):822-828.
Abstract:
According to the requirements of the highway traffic meteorological disaster risk warning service and the guidance of the impactbased forecast and warning services technology, this study constructed an early warning model of traffic meteorological disaster risk, with the consideration of the highway’s hazard risk, the sensitivity of disasters’ environment, the vulnerability of disaster bodies, and the disaster prevention and reduction capacity of the highway underlying surface. On this basis, this study adopted the C/S system structure, combined the multisource data access and visualization with the product automatic processing method based on GIS technology and other key technologies, and designed the highway traffic meteorological disaster early risk warning system. It has the functions of the realtime meteorological monitoring and alarm, disaster warning analysis, automatic processing, and production of the products, manmachine interactive correction, interactive production of service products, data support and integrated display, and map management and operation. Application proved satisfactory capability in operation and good development prospects.
According to the requirements of the highway traffic meteorological disaster risk warning service and the guidance of the impactbased forecast and warning services technology, this study constructed an early warning model of traffic meteorological disaster risk, with the consideration of the highway’s hazard risk, the sensitivity of disasters’ environment, the vulnerability of disaster bodies, and the disaster prevention and reduction capacity of the highway underlying surface. On this basis, this study adopted the C/S system structure, combined the multisource data access and visualization with the product automatic processing method based on GIS technology and other key technologies, and designed the highway traffic meteorological disaster early risk warning system. It has the functions of the realtime meteorological monitoring and alarm, disaster warning analysis, automatic processing, and production of the products, manmachine interactive correction, interactive production of service products, data support and integrated display, and map management and operation. Application proved satisfactory capability in operation and good development prospects.
2018, 46(4):829-834.
Abstract:
With the rapid development of Chinas aerospace application, the number of satellite ground application systems increases rapidly. The satellite ground station application requires high reliability and high efficiency, which has brought huge pressure and challenges to the personnel of satellite ground operation and maintenance. In order to reduce the maintenance cost of the satellite ground stations and ease the burden of the maintenance personnel on duty, a general satellite ground station fault alarm system based on OSGi is designed. It is systematically developed according to the needs of users in a modular and pluggable manner. The automated faultmonitoring alarm technology and diverse alarm modes can assist the operational service, ensuring the stable and reliable operation of satellite ground stations. The general fault alarm system is verified to have good theoretical significance and utility value through practical applications. It can greatly improve the reliability of operation in satellite ground stations while providing a satisfied user experience.
With the rapid development of Chinas aerospace application, the number of satellite ground application systems increases rapidly. The satellite ground station application requires high reliability and high efficiency, which has brought huge pressure and challenges to the personnel of satellite ground operation and maintenance. In order to reduce the maintenance cost of the satellite ground stations and ease the burden of the maintenance personnel on duty, a general satellite ground station fault alarm system based on OSGi is designed. It is systematically developed according to the needs of users in a modular and pluggable manner. The automated faultmonitoring alarm technology and diverse alarm modes can assist the operational service, ensuring the stable and reliable operation of satellite ground stations. The general fault alarm system is verified to have good theoretical significance and utility value through practical applications. It can greatly improve the reliability of operation in satellite ground stations while providing a satisfied user experience.
2018, 46(4):835-839.
Abstract:
The newgeneration weather radar has the function of restarting the remote software and can achieve unattended operation, but all kinds of switches need manual operation. The design principle and implementation technology of the remote intelligent network control system for CINRAD/SA radar are discussed in detail in this paper. Based on the intelligent controller of the remote network, the AC contactor is controlled by the relay module switch, and combined with the monitoring software and monitoring video, and the intelligent remote control of radar hardware switch machine is realized. The system can realize the remote restarting of the equipment hardware switch without onsite intervention. Using the specified trigger command mode to achieve the remote control function of single switch button, the intelligent keyon and keyoff function is realized in logical order with the delay processing; the maintenance funds of basic stations are reduced effectively, and the work efficiency is improved, To ensure the continuity of CINRAD observation data and availability, the quality of the operational data transmission is improved obviously. It is important to improve the separation of stations and the radar operating environment of alpine stations and environmentarduous stations, and the reliable operation of radar stations in difficult stations.
The newgeneration weather radar has the function of restarting the remote software and can achieve unattended operation, but all kinds of switches need manual operation. The design principle and implementation technology of the remote intelligent network control system for CINRAD/SA radar are discussed in detail in this paper. Based on the intelligent controller of the remote network, the AC contactor is controlled by the relay module switch, and combined with the monitoring software and monitoring video, and the intelligent remote control of radar hardware switch machine is realized. The system can realize the remote restarting of the equipment hardware switch without onsite intervention. Using the specified trigger command mode to achieve the remote control function of single switch button, the intelligent keyon and keyoff function is realized in logical order with the delay processing; the maintenance funds of basic stations are reduced effectively, and the work efficiency is improved, To ensure the continuity of CINRAD observation data and availability, the quality of the operational data transmission is improved obviously. It is important to improve the separation of stations and the radar operating environment of alpine stations and environmentarduous stations, and the reliable operation of radar stations in difficult stations.
2018, 46(4):840-844.
Abstract:
The portable rainfall calibrator with the advantages of compact structure and portability is designed for regional automatic meteorological stations especially. Taking into account the thermal expansion, chemical stability, cost and machinability of the material, copper was chosen to make the screw that can control the precipitation intensity, and verification experiments are conducted. The performance evaluation test of copper in high temperature and low temperature has proved that the material can meet the requirement of the work performance. The selfdeveloped data processing software system adopts the C/S architecture to design hierarchically, which is powerful, can automatically record, process, and generate chart reports, and can judge the current detection status according to the realtime spectrum.
The portable rainfall calibrator with the advantages of compact structure and portability is designed for regional automatic meteorological stations especially. Taking into account the thermal expansion, chemical stability, cost and machinability of the material, copper was chosen to make the screw that can control the precipitation intensity, and verification experiments are conducted. The performance evaluation test of copper in high temperature and low temperature has proved that the material can meet the requirement of the work performance. The selfdeveloped data processing software system adopts the C/S architecture to design hierarchically, which is powerful, can automatically record, process, and generate chart reports, and can judge the current detection status according to the realtime spectrum.
External LinksChina Meteorological AdministrationCMA Meteorological Observation CentreChinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing Meteorological ServiceNational Satellite Meteorological Center
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Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.
Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.